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MARCH, 1943
VOLUME 46 NUMBER 3 RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED «ai T I n v F riTY, UTAH
#':#**:
NOT SINCE THE DAYS OF 1847
Not since pioneer times has there been such a huge and sudden migration to this region. ''Workers, more workers!" cries the new Utah. And already, Amer- icans by the thousands have answered the call.
/^OT^^..* They re
bound to follow such a surge of new- families, such an increase in industries. * This company faces a dual responsi- bility. It must maintain service to thou- sands of old and new homes . . . and, in addition, unfailingly deliver fuel to military bases and vast war industries.
* It shall be our constant endeavor to
render the best possible service, des- pite our own shrinking manpower. * Will you, in turn, pledge duration-izing of your appliances with the aid of your plumber or dealer . . . and vigilance to see that no gas is wasted?
MOUNTAIN FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY
Serving 23 Utah Communities
SERVING THE WEST
WAR AND PEACE
By DR. FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR.
CiXTY percent of the tin used in making *^ tinplate can be saved by using an electrolytic method instead of the old method of hot dipping.
> .
Tfo compensate for the American diet, probably too low in calcium and possibly in phosphorus and iron for optimum nutrition. Dr. Anton J. Carl- son of the University of Chicago has suggested that this possibility of danger in the diet be met universally without extra cost by adding small amounts of these minerals to our table salt. 4
■pEW people can control themselves •*■ with as little as 0.4 percent alcohol in the brain. In a study, reported in Hygeia, by S. R. Gerber, Coroner of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, it was found that over one-third of the pedestrians killed in traffic accidents had brain al- coholic contents of more than 0.15 per- cent. > ■ .
*T''he English sparrow may have as ■^ many as four broods in one year's time.
4
HThe forests of Brazil have over twenty-five hundred different spec- ies of trees.
4
Tf the blood in one of the large neck arteries, which takes blood to the brain, is warmed, the blood vessels of the skin contract and sweating starts; if the same blood is cooled, the person shivers.
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
np'o study how better to prevent oxy- ■^ gen from rusting steel and destruc- tively acting on other metals, Dr. E. A. Gulbransen of the Westinghouse Re- search Laboratories, has developed a sensitive machine that will measure units of ten billionths of an ounce. >
A PHOSPHORESCENT plastic molded to "^ make luminous bait for fishermen has been patented.
^
'TPhe loudest continuous noise mechan- "^ ically produced is made by an air raid warning for large cities. An eight- cyHnder automobile engine powers the blower which pushes twenty-five bun- dled cubic feet of air per minute through the siren; the air reaches a velocity of three hundred and sixty miles an hour.
^
/^LASS can now be welded electrically
^^ by using a high frequency current
(Concluded on page 132)
k'TTOSliiV
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Sealed in
Sparkling
Cellophane
\
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Be, Eatiug Lots
of Honey Bee
Gn/hums!
Give YOUR child the Extra Nourishment of Delicious, Wholesome
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Made in fhe Only Cracker Factory Between Denver and the Pacific Coast — You KNOW They're Fresher!
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Purity Biscuit Co., Soli Lake
Please send my FREE copy of "Cartoon i ' Cookery."
Name -
State
When food is rationed ...
Safeguard your family's health!
There must be no "partial starvation" because of unbalanced diet ... no lack of bone-and-muscle- building food elements.
That's why you play safe when you serve "Milk White" eggs. Their uniform richness in food value and their delicious freshness make them a "must" in every home. Always select—
"Milk White" Eggs
a product of
Utah Poultry Producers Co-operative Association
GOSPEL STANDARDS
By Heber J. Grant
THE ENDURING TESTIMONY DF THE PRESIDENT DF THE CHURCH
ORDER NOW $2.25
THE BDDKCRAFT CD. P.O. Box 63 salt lake City, Utah
129
T^^lmprooement&a
"The Glory of God is Intelligence"
MARCH, 19 4 3
VOLUME 46
NUMBER 3
"THE VOICE OF THE CHURCH"
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS, MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS, DEPART- MENT OF EDUCATION, MUSIC COMMITTEE, WARD TEACHERS, AND OTHER AGENCIES OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF UTTER-DAY SAINTS.
JhsL £dH&iiu fiaqsL
Heber J. Grant, John A. Widtsoe,
Richard L. Evans,
Managing Editor Marba C. Josephson,
Associate Editor
George Q. Morris, General Mgr. Lucy G. Cannon, Associate Mgr. J. K. Orton, Business Mgr.
Concerning Inactive Knowledge Heber J. Grant 141
Pioneer Diary of Eliza R. Snow 142
Stake Agriciiltural Programs 144
Greorge D. Pyper Milton Bennion 147
Evidences and Reconciliations: LXIV. — Why Did the
Church Practice Plural Marriage in Earlier Days?
John A, Widtsoe Ul
Genealogy: "And I Survive"..! 76
Salt Lake Temple Jubilee 176
Excursion by Air, Kent Baggs
"Did You Think to Pray?",
Donald M. Bruce 138
No-Tobacco-Liquor —. 148, 159
The Church Moves On 157
Spiritual Faith, Constance Fal- lon 159
Priesthood: Melchizedek 169
Work of the Seventy 172
Aaronic - 173
Ward Teaching 174
Music: Preludial Music, Alex- ander Schreiner 175
Bountiful First Ward Choir.. 175
SpsddoL J^suduMA.
Hearing is Believing
Is This Legalized Sabotage?
Sam Brannan and the Mormons
and Richard Madsen 176
Mutual Messages:
Executives 177
Cultural Arts 177
M Men 177
Gleaners 178
Explorers 178
Juniors 179
Scouts 179
Bee-Hive Girls 180
Franklin Y. Gates 144
_ ...Gustive O. Larson 148
in Early California, Part VI Paul Bailey 150
Exploring the Universe, Frank- lin S. Harris, Jr _ 129
Telefacts 132
The Five Suns in Aztec Myth- ology, Charles E. Dibble 133
Let's Grow a Victory Garden,
A. L. Zobell 135
To the Editors of Collier's, A.
H. Cook 136
Voluntary Giving 138
Impending Vegetable Shortage.. 138 The Religious Attitudes of Noted Men, Leon M. Strong.. 140
£diijfiicdA.
Testimony in Print
"What is a Nation Profited?'
To Him Who Would Speak,
Albert L. Zobell, Jr 146
On the Book Rack 155
Book of Mormon Quiz — 155
Homing: Have You Seen Bill?
Bert N. Whitney .._ 162
Handy Hints 162
For a Young Woman, Mrs.
E. G. Richards 162
Cooks' Corner, Josephine B.
Nichols -- -164
Here's How - -164
Patriotic Suggestion — ...165
Your Page and Ours 192
Richard L. Evans 160 ..Richard L. Evans 160
SiifuM., fiosdm^, QhDAikWifixL (pu^^
Streinge Awakening ..: Genevieve Van Wagenen 149
Arizona Ranger.. By Joe Pearce, as told to John W* Fitzgerald 152
Frontispiece: March, Hortense Poetry Page -154
Spencer Andersen — 139 Scriptural Crossword Puzzle.... 190
JhsL QovsiX.
VIGOROUS, deeply rooted, this juniper seems to typify resistance to destructive forces. This striking photograph is of a juniper at Tenaya Lake, High Sierras, taken by Edward Weston, and retouched by Charles Jacobsen.
130
Beginning in this issue:
The Pioneer Diary of Eliza R. Snow,
page 142
•
(bo ^IJDJUL JOWW—
How many broods the English spar- row may have in one year? 129
What income tax concessions are made to voluntary giving? 138
Who said, "The Bible is the can- non that shall set Italy free"?—- 140
When the first company of Saints left Nauvoo for the journey west- ward? -- 142
Why some interiors make for peace and quiet, others for unrest? .. 144
How both city and country people can participate more fully in a much-needed agricultural pro- gram? 146
What positions George D. Pyper held during his lifetime? 147
How the enlistment of the Mormon Battalion proved of ultimate benefit to the Mormon Pioneers? 150
When outlawry last flared along the Arizona-New Mexico bord- er? 152
Why the Church practiced plural marriage in earlier days? 161
What career offers a promising fu- ture to young women? - 162
Where to obtain victory garden helps? 164
Who was known as the "apostle to the Indians"? -. 172
EXECUTIVE AND EDITORIAL
OFFICES:
50 North Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Copyright 1943 by Mutual Funds, Inc., a Cor- poration of the Young Men's Mutual Improve- ment Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Sub- scription price, $2.00 a year, in advance; 20c single copy.
Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October. 1917, authorized July 2. 1918.
The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, but welcomes con- tributions. All manuscripts must be accompanied by sufficient postage for delivery and return.
NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
Salt Lake City: Francis M. Mayo San Francisco: Edward S. Townsend Chicago: Dougan and Bolle New York: Dougan and Bolle
MEMBER OF THE AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS
A MAGAZINE FOR EVERY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY
PLAN YOUR VICTORY GARDEN NOW RAISE MORE FOOD-AND SAVE IT ALL!
FOR YOUR FAMILY— FOR YOUR COUNTRY
^IgPt-^"^- t0r storcge, etc.
WRITE A0ORCSS BELOW fOR YOUR COPY
FOOD is being rationed in the land of plenty! America is at war, and FOOD is a weapon as powerful as all our planes and battleships. If FOOD fails, we cannot win the peace.
This year farm production will be strained to the utmost, but farm fields alone cannot produce enough food to meet the nation's needs in 1943.
This year that great American insti- tution—the family garden— will come back into its own. Millions of Victory Gardens will yield a vast store of vege- tables and fruits, and Uncle Sam will give his blessing to each and every one. Home-grown health and energy will supply the tables all summer and stock the pantry shelves against the winter. Millions of tons of precious food will be released for shipment to our Armed Forces and to supply the vital needs of
our fighting allies on the battle fronts.
The Victory Garden Program, spon- sored by the Department of Agricul- ture and the Ofl&ce of Civilian Defense, can make all the diflference between war and Peace!
Have a Victory Garden this year and make plans for it now. It will take plan- ning, and it will mean extra work for your busy household, but there will be big rewards in health and in profits. You will be thankful in summer to have fresh vegetables each day for the family table— and doubly thankful next winter to have abundant food when the markets are bare of canned goods.
Plan a big garden. If you had one last year, don't be afraid to double your acreage. Remember it's for Victory in a year of scarcity! Plan the long rows that are quickly cultivated with other
farm crops, and see that the soil is made fertile and rich. Plan your way through the picking and harvesting, the can- ning and preserving, the disposal of your surplus crops. Plan to share your garden— 6o/^ the work and the yield— with families in town who have no room for gardens. And buy a War Bond with Victory Garden profit !
Start things right now, by filling out the coupon below and send for Har- vester's garden booklet. It's a dandy. Yours for Victory — International Harvester Company.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
International Harvester Company 1 80 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
I'm going to "Have a Victory Garden." Please send the booklet to
Name
Address
City S- State
131
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
Sixteen or Sixty-five...
Mm or Woman
the time is not far off when you must keep an appointment with your country. Aid your nation's cause. Insure your own future. Be prepared.
OFFICERS ARE NEEDED with back- ground in mathematics, physics, chemistry, medicine, English, mod- ern languages, physical education, and business administration.
DEFENSE INDUSTRIES are making frequent and desperate calls for men and women with business and industrial skills.
Brigham Young University gives first-class training in the above fields and has been recognized by the Army and Navy as having a staff and curriculum well suited to pre-officer training.
Anticipate your appointment with Uncle Sam. Make preparation now.
Spring-Quarter Begins March 29
For further information address The President
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah
LOS JVNGELES
_^£^ >ilREMnST HOTEL
^^ ALEXANDRIA
RATES, FROM K.50 SINGLE fKOM U.60 DOUBLE XTOWn .1 u CARAOC
Recognized Utah Headquarters in Los Angeles
CLAYTON V. SMITH, Managing Director Formerly of Salt Lake City
From Nor-way's fjords to Utah's prairies, follow a great woman's quest for truth.
m THE GOSPEL IVET
By Dr. John A. Widtsoe 141 pages $1.25
TEtEFACT
WHERE OUR DAIRY PRODUCTS WILL GO IN 1943
ARMED FORCES
& LEASE- LEND
POWDERED MILK
CHEESf
BUTTEIt
a
'CIVILIAN USE
miB
Each symbol represents 20% of production in each year in each group
Pictograph Corporation
Exploring the Universe
{Concluded from page 129)
to melt the glass at the place to be weld- ed. Quarter-inch holes can be bored through glass by the same method; the glass vaporizes out.
Aluminum wire for string galvano- ^^ meters is drawn so fine that 10,000 of them could be laid side by side to measure an inch. A pound of this wire would cost a hundred and fifty million dollars.
"D ED lights have been found to be safer ■*^ in blackouts than blue lights of the same intensity, contradicting old tradi- tions. In tests by U. S. Army engineers with flashhghts, matches, and street lights with different colors under care- fully controlled conditions it was found that the red lights could be much bright- er than the blue before being detected by observers some distance away in the air or on the ground.
nr'oRTOiSES live for 250 years and more. A group of five were taken from the Seychelles Islands and carried to Maur- itius in 1766, one of which now has a shell which measures forty inches in length, measured in a straight line.
nTHE expression "born to the purple" ■■■ is derived from the fact that two thousand years ago only royalty and the wealthiest nobility were able to af- ford $600 a pound for cotton cloth dyed with the secretion of the tiny shellfish mutex, which secreted di-brom indigo.
/^N the average the cod fisheries pro- ^^ duce a total of nearly five hundred thousand tons every year, or between two and three hundred million fish.
'T'he coldest known spot north of the ■*• equator, Oimekon, is about 200 miles south of the Arctic Circle, and roughly straight north of Vladivostok in Siberia.
TEiEFACT
NURSES IN THE ARMY
J^ J^ J^ x^ Jsk ,Sk J^ J&
1918
1940 ,tr 950
<1 (3 6 6 6 dddi
oa. 1942
DEC.
1942
(EST.)
hhhhh hhhhh hhL
Pictograph Corporation
132
>e- FIVE SUNS -^
AZTEC MYTHOLOGY
By DR. CHARLES E. DIBBLE
WE have mentioned Quetzalcoatl as a beneficial god and a founder of industry. His antagonist was Tezcatlipoca — Smoking Mirror. Tez- catlipoca represented the night, the tiger, and he was a patron of sorcerers. He is recognizable from the fact that one of his feet is replaced by a smoking mirror.
According to Aztec mythology, the history of the universe is a series of triumphs of the two contesting gods. Tezcatlipoca was the First Sun. The first inhabitants were giants who did not cultivate the fields bvt nourished themselves with fruit and roots. Quet- zalcoatl hit the sun ( Tezcatlipoca ) with
—From Borgia Codex. TEZCATLIPOCA— SMOKING MIRROR
a stick and it fell in the water, con- verted itself into a tiger and ate all the inhabitants. For the first time the uni- verse was without a sun and people.
Quetzalcoatl then became the sun until the tiger (Tezcatlipoca) struck it. A great wind destroyed all men with the exception of a few who became monkeys or miniature men.
The god of rain (Tlaloc) then be- came the sun, but Quetzalcoatl caused it to rain fire, and mankind was de- stroyed for the third time. Some few people became birds and were saved.
Quetzalcoatl then created man and caused the goddess of water (Chal- chiutlicue) to become the sun. Tez- catlipoca caused a flood which de- stroyed the sun and man for the fourth time. A few men saved themselves by becoming fish.
At the time of the Spanish conquest the Aztecs were living under the Fifth Sun, which had been made possible by a fifth god throwing himself into the fire to become the sun.
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
The liill ahead looks long and steep, a grueling climb for men and equipment. Pessimists say the old machinery will never make it, that there will be a slow- down in food production and closing-out sales all over the country. Are we going to be suckers for that kind of talk? Quitters, so near the top?
Food is turning out to be Uncle Sam's most powerful weapon, his ambassador of peace and good will all over the world. To hungry nations, it speaks louder than a thousand cannon.
Will our boys have to battle hunger too? Will our allies find America's cupboard bare ... or a source of strength to join us in a mighty world-wide drive to Victory? That depends not so much on how old your equipment is as it does on you.
Worn bearings can be re-babbited if necessary; old machines can be rebuilt to take the place of new ones. But you must act quickly. Line up your repair work ahead of time with your AUis-Chalmers dealer. Order needed repairs now! Enlist all your equipment in the Farm Commandos . . . Ready to Roll over the top in '43!
INSPECT eOUIPMENT NOW !
TURN IN YOUR SCRAP!
TO BnTER FARMING>
TO VICTOR y\
1 i ^
fHUSCHfllMERS
Are Vou Aaf'Hg
re 7ou '^""'"o -^ iL
It's a wise, idea to taste his food your- self! You'll notice a big difference in the color, flavor and texture of Heini Baby Foods — backed by a 74-year quality reputation!
WISE MOTHERS judge their baby's foods three important ways! That's why they're outspoken in their praise for the tempt- ing, wholesome ^<^^'or— the natural, appetizing color, the smooth, full-bodied texture of ready-to-serve Heinz Strained Foods. These nourishing dishes are made in the same 74- year tradition that has given all the 57 Varieties an outstanding quality reputation!
To Baby's Me"" '■
/■
Speed Is At A Premium
• So that no time will be lost be- tween field and kettle, our choice vegetables are grown near Heinz kitchens. We pack them the very day they're harvested!
Checked For Uniformity
• Then these garden-fresh vege- tables are cooked scientifically— vacuum-packed in enamel-lined tins. Samples are tested regularly by Heinz Quality Control De- partment to make sure vitamins and minerals are retained in high degree. That's why you'll find Heinz Strained Foods uniformly dependable!
[
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INFORMATION PLEASE
Every Monday Night— 10:30 E.W.T.
N. B. C. Network
]
THESE TWO SEALS MEAN PROTECTION FOR BABY
Choose Baby's Favorite From 17 Strained Foods
1. Vegetable Soup with Cereals and Yeast Con- agus. 11. Mixed Cereal. 12. Prunes with Lemon centrate. 2. Beef and Liver Soup. 3. Tomato Juice. 13. Pears and Pineapple. 14. Apricots and Soup. 4. Mixed Greens. 5. Spinach. 6. Peas. Apple Sauce. 15. Apple Sauce. 16. Beef Broth 7. Beets. 8. Green Beans. 9. Carrots. 10. Aspar- with Beef and Barley. 17. Vegetables and Lamb.
12 Mildly Seasoned Junior Foods — Highly Nutritive Food Combinations Made To Special Recipes — Perfect For Babies Too Old For Strained Foods, Not Ready For Family Meals.
1. Creamed Diced Vegetables. 2. Chopped Green ped Carrots. 8. Chopped Mixed Vegetables. Beans. 3. Creamed Green Vegetables. 4. Creamed 9. Lamb and Liver Stew. 10. Pineapple Rice Tomato and Rice. 5. Chopped Spinach. Pudding. 11. Prune Pudding. 12. Apple, Fig 6. Chicken Farina Vegetable Porridge. 7. Chop- and Date Dessert.
EINZ BabyRjods
134
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH/1943
LErS GROW A
By A. L. ZOBELL
Yea, all things which come of the earth . . .
■'• ARE made for the BENEFIT . . .OF MAN, BOTH TO PLEASE THE EYE AND TO GLADDEN THE HEART.
— Doctrine and Covenants 59:18
TUB call has gone forth to the city dweller to help avert a food short- age in 1943 by growing in a victory garden the fresh vegetables necessary to maintain health. If everyone would get busy and spade up his spare ground and, plant it into a vegetable garden, he would be greatly benefited in health and contentment of mind because he would be a producer as well as a con- sumer, and would be releasing the vege- tables he would ordinarily buy to our armed forces and allies.
Rationing of canned goods, includ- ing vegetables, precludes any attempt to fortify oneself against a lack of foodstuflfs.
Buy a few packets of seed, spade up part of your backyard, using the same tools you have to take care of your flower garden, and go to work. The victory garden will give you more than vitamins and vegetables; it will improve your health, extend your knowledge, and give you the enjoyment of eating vegetables with a savor that comes only
ZOBELL RESIDENCE AND SOME OF THE PEONIES, MAY, 1942
ELDER ZOBELL AND SON, JIM, IN VEGETABLE GARDEN, MAY, 1942
when you can gather them just before you're ready to prepare them for the table.
The questions may arise; What can I grow on my small plot of ground and how can I find time to do the labor? How can I ready my land for the seed and what will the cost be to me?
To answer all these queries let us see what has been done on a small plot of ground by one who has tried it out and kept a record of everything produced during the year 1942. The flowers and shrubbery were not molested. Vege- tables were grown successfully among many of them. It was all done in leisure time. Part of the land raised two crops, since peas, turnips, beets, and spinach were followed by tomatoes, potatoes, and cabbage. Tulips in the flower garden bloomed in the spring where gladioli bloomed in the fall.
Our garden lot measures one hundred twenty-six by one hundred twenty feet. In 1942 we had on this spot:
|
Peony plants Peach trees |
630 20 |
|
Plum trees |
2 |
|
Gooseberry bushes Currant bushes |
8 37 |
|
Apricot trees Raspberry bushes Grapevines Bosenberry bushes Walnut trees |
1 140 12 5 2 |
|
Rosebushes |
71 |
|
Ornamental trees |
25 |
|
Rhubarb plants Chrysanthemums Dahhas |
8 12 12 |
|
Tulips |
200 |
{Concluded on page 166)
CARE
for your tractor
FACED with urgent demands for greater production and handi- capped by scarcity of farm help and shortage of new tractors, the wise farmer will make sure his tractor is in good shape.
Things You Can Do Now
Examine your tractor thoroughly to see if it needs an overhaul. Remove mud and dirt. Tight- en all nuts and bolts and make necessary adjustments. Flush and refill crankcase, transmission casf^ and final drive. Fol- low closely your trac- tor instruction book.
>'iHlS INSTRUCTION BOOK VnSMLTHE ANSWERS"
During Working Season
See that all parts are thoroughly lubricated. Wipe off and service grease-gun fittings daily. Change oil periodically. Use only dirt-free oil, grease, fuel, and water. Clean out air cleaner and fuel "illSTL!'^
filters regularly. Re- .^ J V 0A1.L,, place oil filter when j^ SiNGS" necessary. ^;^^ pt'*'^
Your Dealer Can Help
If your tractor hasn't been inspect- ed by your dealer recently, talk to him about a thorough check-up. He'll do the things necessary to put your tractor in tip-top shape, ready for another season of efficient work.
The service shops of John Deere dealers are particularly well equipped to help you. The me- chanics are trained in the right meth- ods of overhauling John Deere tractors. They have specially designed tools to do the job expertly and quickly. And, they use genuine John Deere parts.
John Deere tractor owners have the advantage not only of this expert service but also of tw^o-cylinder engine design with its sturdier parts and fewer and easier adjustments. Furthermore, while a John Deere tractor is designed primarily to burn the low-cost, money-saving fuels, it also handles the higher-priced gasolines.
Regardless of the tractor you own, take care of it. When you must have a new tractor, ask your neighbor about his experiences with the John Deere during these trying times. He's John Deere's best salesman.
AT ONE TIME IT WAS ONLY A LITTLE ADJUSTMENT
aUALITV FARM -EQUIPMENT -
135
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
Listen to them sing your praises when luscious, "Al" pancakes appear on the table. With that rich butter- milk flavor, they're perfect for meatless meals, hot lunches and a hearty breakfast. Globe "Al" Pancakes or Waffles are mighty little trouble to make — treat your family often I
GLOBE '<A1" PANCAKE & WAFFLE FLOUR
m%-
Leveling the Idaho Falls L. D. S. Temple grounds with a Miskin Scraper, the best scraper made for leveling land for irrigation
M/nfe for ^information
MISKIN SCRAPER WORKS
UCON. IDAHO
TO THE EDITORS OF
• {^DmcAk
A. H. Cook, Prominent Salt
Lake City Businessman, Writes
A Letter
SINCE reading your December 12th article, "The Mormons Move Over," by Richard English, I have taken time to cool off before answering it.
I am not a Mormon, have never been one, and never expect to be one. But I have lived among them in Salt Lake City since 1 897, so I should know some- thing about them.
For nearly forty years of this time, I have been a packer of cofEee and teas, which the Mormons are taught not to use. While I cannot agree with this tenet of the Mormon Church, I am in complete agreement with that part of their "Word of Wisdom" which teach- es temperance. But I am not going to argue the question of temperance with Mr. English. However, when he in- sinuates that "Salt Lake City has gone all-out on entertainment" and that a typical Mormon Miss is one who "di- vides her time between keeping things strictly under control { in the Playdium ) and singing in the Tabernacle choir," he is not only grossly misrepresenting the character of the Mormon people and of Salt Lake City as a whole, but he is also resorting to one of the lowest forms of yellow journalism.
None will deny that liquor is sold in this modern American city or that entertainment and the sale of liquor have probably increased as a result of stepped-up military and industrial ac- tivities related to our war effort. Salt Lake City, in this respect, is probably no different from any other American community of comparable size which is enjoying increased prosperity through larger payrolls and the generally stimu- lating effects of the war. I think you will find that it is still true, however, that Mormons and "Gentiles" continue to patronize our churches, our lecture halls, and our theaters on the same high plane as they have always done. Moreover, Mormons and "Gentiles" meet one another on the same friendly basis of equality and unity of purpose that they have done for many years.
I am personally acquainted with President Heber J. Grant of the Mor- mon Church; Mr. Orval Adams, so- called by English "fiscal adviser to the Church"; and many other leading Mor- mons, and I consider them to be men of excellent character and rare ability. It is apparent that these men extended to Mr. English the cordial and friendly reception which they try to give to every worthy "stranger within our gates." But I doubt, from the tone and contents of the Collier's article, that Mr. English was as conscientious in re- (Concluded on page 166)
136
FOR VICTORY— BUY U. S. WAR
BONOS AND STAMPS
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
along e^P^;\'5ucuon and ^^^^^'^^l^t s'owlts tell
thing tbey ^^^ a Uttle .ue other teuo ^^^^
these fomet^^„,S.^«'f^ thanks- p^^„ R,porW
Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Heim produce fine eggs like these on their tidy general farm near Dawson, Nebraska. I snapped this picture just after the RFD car- rier brought the Heims a check from Lucerne Cream & Butter Com- pany, which buys Heim eggs at a premium
i ,
•^ rJ^'^ "" ^
//
Can a farmer afford to go all-out for quality.? "Yes," says Wesley Heim, "if he can market his crop at a premium."
Right through the tough depression years Mr. and Mrs. Heim held to two main ideas. "We believed, first, that poultry would give the highest return from feed grown on our farm," Mr. Heim told me. "And, second, we be- lieved it would pay us to produce really top-quality eggs.
"Now you can't get top-quality eggs with just run-of-the-mill hens. After much study we picked the Tom Barron strain of English White Leghorns.These extra-special laying hens give us eggs like we'd dreamed about — pure white eggs, bigger than average and uniform size. But for a long time we couldn't find a premium-price market for these better eggs.
"Finally we got in touch with the Lucerne Cream & Butter Company (Lucerne is Safeway's buying organiza- tion in many areas for dairy products and eggs) . Well, sir, the Lucerne people said our eggs were just what they'd been looking for. And ever since they've been buying our eggs at a premium"
The Heim family in wartime is doing all the work on their farm without hired labor. And they figure to do their part in meeting U.S. demands for a lot more eggs — the Heims have about 1250 bred-to-lay hens producing this year compared with 1130 last year
"We gather our eggs 4 to 5 times daily," Mrs. Heim told me. "We cool them right away, clean them if necessary, then pack in cases supplied Ly Lucerne. Our eggs are picked up regularly by refrigerated trucks, to go on sale in Safeway stores. Since we often shop at a Safeway in Falls City, we get a look at direct distribution from both sides. As egg sellers we get a premium price. And as store customers we save money on quality foods. That makes a pretty fine setup for this farm family"
137
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
VOLUNTARY GIVING •
/^ONGRESS CONSIDERS IT A WHOLESOME PRACTICE AND
MAKES CONCESSIONS TO IT.
THE government wisely recognizes the well-established fact that mon- ey given for public welfare through church and private organizations ac- complishes more for public good than will the same sum if collected by means of taxes and given to Congress or any other government agency for appropria- tion and administration. During the coming months the people will do their utmost to cooperate with the govern- ment by paying taxes cheerfully, and by contributing the largest possible portion of their tax-exempt income for constructive, life-saving, peace-building philanthropies of their own choice.
The accompanying chart represents, on a national basis, the fifteen percent of income wholly exempt from tax if given voluntarily through recognized channels.
The solid black and shaded lines indi- cate the portion of the fifteen percent contributed by taxpayers of various in- come groups as reported by the Bureau of Internal Revenue.
The shaded lines show the portion that would have been taken by the gov- ernment in taxes had it not been given voluntarily for public welfare through private philanthropy.
The solid black squares show the por- tion of retainable income or the net cost to the taxpayer.
It will be noted (a) that no one of the income tax groups averages as much as two percent in gifts from the retainable income, or net cost to the donor [an exclusively Latter-day Saint chart would show a much higher per- centage of voluntary giving for tithe- payers]; (b) that the gifts of the aver- age citizen from retainable income are practically the same (less than two cents of every dollar ) whether from the pay envelope of the wage earner or the bank balance of the multi-millionaire.
Under the new higher tax rates on 1942 incomes, the net cost of giving each dollar will be further reduced, es- pecially for the lower incomes.
WHOliv^ fX£/k\
©rut OOLDFN RULE RWNDATIO!'
IMPENDING VEGETABLE SHORTAGE
A TWENTY-FIVE percent cut in vege- table acreage for 1943 is estimated by H. D. Brown of Ohio State Uni- versity and secretary of the Vegetable Growers' Association of America. Key farmers in a number of states reported in January that they plan to decrease vegetable acreage by fifty percent or more "because they can't see where 138
they will get the needed labor or equip- ment," he said.
This situation is serious for both the armed forces and the civilian popula- tion. So, to partially offset this short- age, every available piece of land should be utilized for a victory garden. In this way more food supphes will be re- leased for the armed forces. (See pages 135, 146, 169.)
.''Did you
THINK TO PRAY?"
By DONALD M. BRUCE
OUR stake president once asked us this question: "Do you get down on your knees every night and pray?" Much to my chagrin I was forced to answer "No." I had been under the false impres- sion that we should pray only when in need, and that we had to be in the proper mood to pray. Often since that turning point in my life, I have wondered how- many others were missing the blessings of prayer through that same mistake.
We cannot know the happiness that heartfelt prayer brings, until we have prayed every day. As for having to be in the right frame of mind, I believe that we need only start to pray, and we will know the Spirit of God has filled our souls before we have finished our prayer.
Thankful prayer is more satis- fying than prayers for help, yet requests are much more common than thanks; not that we shouldn't ask God for help when we need it. That is perfecly natural and very desirable, for nowhere will our requests receive better atten- tion than from our heavenly Fa- ther. But taking our many bless- ings for granted is all wrong.
If we spoke to a friend only when we wanted to borrow money, he would soon stop talk- ing to us even when we did speak to him. Our Father in Heaven will always listen to us no matter what our message is, but that doesn't make it unnecessary for us to pray when things are all go- ing well. That is the time we need most of all to "Count our many blessings, and see what God has done."
We don't need a problem to turn to prayer; all that is neces- sary is the desire. We can pray wherever we are, walking, at work, or at play. We find joy and happiness in constant prayer.
"Thanks, heavenly Father — Thanks for all the things Thou hast given that we enjoy so — Thanks for life — Thanks for peace — and above all, thanks for the Church."
— Photograph by Jeano Orlando.
TJtaAck
By HORTENSE SPENCER ANDERSEN
CT /our feet are muddy like a little hoy's,
I / You get no more than dry ^ then you're half drowned. ^y You love to bluff and swagger with your noise.
Then whine and tease, or sulk without a sound.
At first you're frozen numb, then you're half thawed.
You scuff your feet, filling your eyes with sand.
You run away, then serenely homeward plod
Bringing pussy willows in your hand.
Spring's door is closed, your childish hands unlock it.
Bringing piping frogs in every pocket.
139
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
\
FELS-NAPTHA Beauty Both"
The lady knows her laundry . . . she knows Fels-Naptha Soap will change that basket of limp, bedraggled 'wash' into clothes so crisp and fragrant it makes a person perk up just to put them on.
She knows another thing ... a Fels-Naptha washday won't leave her a limp, bedraggled woman. That tireless washing team — gentle, active naptha and richer, golden soap — takes the work out of washing as surely as it gets dirt out of clothes.
How long since you've washed with Fels-Naptha Soap? Today's Fels-Naptha is miider, quicker-sudsing. A better washday and household helper than ever. And— Bar or Chips— a better value for your money/
Golden bar or Golden chips_FElS-|^APTIIA banishesTattle-Tale Gray"
T40
RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES
OF
NOTED MEN
By Leon M. Strong
R
LUTARCH is reported to have said:
If you search the world, you may find cities without walls, without letters, without kings, without money, but no one ever sees a city without a deity, without a temple, or without prayers.^
Victor Hugo catches the spirit of eternal life:
You say the soul is the resultant of the bodily powers. Why, then, is my soul more luminous when my bodily powers begin to fail? Winter is on my head, but eternal spring is in my heart. I breathe at this hour the fragrance of the lilac, the violets and the roses, as at twenty years. The nearer I approach the end the plainer I hear around me the immortal symphonies of the world which invite me. It is marvelous yet simple. It is a fairy tale, and it is history.
For half a century I have been writing my thoughts in prose and in verse; history, philosophy, drama, romance, tradition, satire, ode and song; I have tried all. But I feel I have not said the thousandth part of what is in me. When I go down to the grave, I can say like many others, "I have finished my day's work." But I cannot say, "I have finished my life." My day's work will begin again the next morning. The tomb is not a blind alley; it is a thor- oughfare. It closes on the twilight, it opens on the dawn.^
Blackstone, the great jurist and com- mentator on English law, once wrote:
If ever the laws of God and men are at variance, the former are to be obeyed in derogation of the latter; that the law of God is, under all circumstances, the superior in obligation to that of man.'
Garibaldi, the Italian patriot (1807- 82) once said:
The Bible is the cannon that shall set Italy free.
Shakespeare was a great student of the Bible as indicated by the many ref- erences to it in his voluminous writings. As a sample:
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambi- tion:
By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then,
The image of his Maker, hope to win by it:
O Cromwell, Cromwell! Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my king, he would not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemies.*
^Desetet News. Oct. 12, 1940
^The Spirit of '76. George E. Gibby. Tke CaxtM Printers, Ltd., 1939, p. 130
^Blackstone Commentaries. 16 ed., p. 58, note 6
^Cardinal Wolsey to Thomas Cromwell, King Henrg VIII. Act III, Scene 2
mismspffsf
CONCERNING
(JnaxJwiL JOwJvhdijiL
By PRESIDENT HEBER J. GRANT
npHERE ARE MANY MEN WHO ARE GREAT STUDENTS, AND YET SO FAR AS MAKING A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THEIR KNOWL- EDGE THEY ARE ALMOST WHAT MIGHT BE CALLED EDUCATED FOOLS.
T
±H
,HE sooner we awaken to a full realization of the fact that it is the amount of good that we do that will bring to us the blessings of God, the better it will be for us. No amount of knowledge, of inspiration and testimony as to the divinity of the work of God will be of benefit to us unless we put that knowledge into actual practice in the daily walks of life. It is not the amount that any individual may know that will benefit him and his fellows; but it is the practical application of that knowledge.
There are many men who are great students, and yet so far as making a practical application of their knowledge, they are almost what might be called educated fools. There are some Latter-day Saints (it may be a harsh expression, but it is true ) that are almost educated fools, so far as the knowledge of the gospel and the keeping of the commandments are concerned. I know men that testify that they have received a knowledge of the divinity of the work in which they are engaged, by the voice of inspiration to them and by seeing the sick healed by the power of God, and yet these very individuals are negligent in keeping the commandments of God. There are many who testify that they know this is the work of God, and all they do is to bear that testimony.
There are some people who attend meetings year after year and listen to the servants of the Lord teach them in simplicity and humility the duties that devolve upon them, and they go away from those meetings and never put into practice what they hear. Now. if you always went to your dinner, sat down, and took a good look at the food, and never partook of any of it, it would not be long until you died of starvation. There are some Latter-day Saints who go to meeting, and they die of starvation, because they do not receive and digest the spiritual food that is dispensed there.
Wc should not be hearers of the word alone, but doers of it, too. There is nothing that will bring us more of the Spirit of God than to carry out the advice and the counsel given to us to be kind, considerate, charitable; long-suffering and forgiving. There is nothing that will bring more joy to us than to be energetic in the furtherance of righteousness and the spread of truth, than to be actively engaged in ministering to the needs of our Father's children; to be ready and willing to forgive the trespasses of our neighbors against us — and there is nothing that will bring more condemnation to us than to harden our hearts and to be bitter and vindictive in our feeling toward those by whom we are surrounded .
If we enter into a college or university and desire to attain a certain degree we must labor to that end. Just so surely it will be necessary for us to labor and to fulfil the duties and the obligations resting upon us and to keep the law upon which a place in our Father's kingdom is predicated. We have come upon this earth for the purpose of carrying out the mind and will of our Heavenly Father, and working out for ourselves an exaltation in the celestial kingdom of our Father; and just as surely as we understand what is expected of us, just so surely must we be doers of the word if we expect to be blessed.
141
i^eJi ^9^ ^^if ^^ ^/^'^^ /*^-^ ^-w^
PHOTOGRAPH OF FIRST PAGE OF ELIZA R. SNOW'S DIARY
PiDfU^HfL (Oiwuf
A HERETOFORE UNPUBLISHED ACCOUNT OF THE EXODUS FROM NaUVOO AND OF OTHER FAR- REACHING EVENTS BY ONE OF THE GREAT AND ABLE WOMEN OF THE 19tH CENTURY
Part I
Thursday/ Feb. 12, 1846. We left our home [in Nauvoo] and went as far as br. Hiram Kimball's, where we spent the night, and thro' the gen- erosity of Sister K[imball] & mother Granger, made some additional prep- arations for our journey.
Friday, Feb. 13. Cross'd the Mis-^ sissippi and join'd the Camp. Found my brother L[oren2o's] and br. Years- ley's families tented side by side. We lodged in br. Y[earsley's] tent, which before morning was covered with snow.
Saturday, Feb. 14. After breakfast I went into the buggy and did not leave it till the next day. Sis. M[arkham] and I did some needlework, tho' the melting snow dripped thro' our cov- er.
Sunday, Feb. 15. Had a very pleas- ant visit with Sarah Lawrence.
Tuesday, Feb. 17. Visited Sis. Kimball who had just arrived. Mov d our tents to the upper end of the en- campment. The day fine.
Wednesday, Feb. 18. The weather fine — received a visit from Loisa B. P. Decker and Sarah Lawrence. Last night was very cold.^
Thursday, Feb. 19. Snowstorm com-
*Days of the week, not included in the original journal, have been entered throughout for ready reference.
ipeb., from the 13th to the 18th— We had several snowstorms and very freezing weather, which bridged the Mississippi sufficiently for crossing heavily loaded wagons on the ice. * * * My dormitory, sitting room and office was the buggy in which Sister Markham, her little son and 1 rode. * * * One of my brother Lorenzo's wives loaned me her foot-stove. — Tullidge, Women o} Mormondom, 308, 9; quoted from Eliza R. Snow
142
menced in the night and continued through the day. It was so disagreeable out that I did not leave the buggy. Suffered considerably from a severe cold. Amused myself by writ- ing the following:
THE CAMP OF ISRAEL
A Song for the Pioneers,
No. 1.
Altho' in woods and tents
we dwell Shout, shout, O Camp of
Israel! No Christian mobs on
earth can bind Our thoughts, or steal
our peace of mind.
Chorus
Tho' we fly from vile aggression We'll maintain our pure profession, Seek a peaceable possession Far from Gentiles and oppression.
We better live in tents and smoke Than wear the cursed Gentile yoke — We better from our country fly Than by mobocracy to die.
Chorus, Tho' we fly etc.
We've left the City of Nauvoo And our beloved Temple too, And to the wilderness we'll go Amid the winter frosts and snow.
Chorus, Tho' we fly etc.
Our homes were dear — we lov'd them well, Beneath our roofs we hop'd to dwell; And honor the great God's commands, By mutual rights of Christian lands.
Chorus, Tho' we fly etc.
Our persecutors will not cease Their murd'rous spoiling of our peace And have decreed that we must go To wilds where reeds and rushes grow.
Chorus, Tho' we fly etc.
The Camp, — the Camp, — its numbers swell Shout, shout, O Camp of Israel! The King, the Lord of hosts is near, f4is armies guard our front and rear."
Chorus, Tho' we fly etc.
Saturday, Feb. 28. For several days past the weather has been extremely cold — people visiting us from the City
-As this refined woman [Eliza R. Snow] was on the way through the wilderness, she sang, with the sweetness of a soul touched by divine fire, songs that glorified the journey, and cheered the , weary hearts around her with promise of coming recom- pense.—Jakeman's Daughters o[ the Utah Pioneers and Their Mothers, page 9
ELIZA R. SNOW— FROM A RARE AND EARLY PHOTOGRAPH
think the weather as severe as has been thro' the winter. This morning, that portion of the Camp to which we were attached was to start out. Bishop Mil- ler's company left several days before, but the intense cold prevented the body of the Camp from following soon as was anticipated.
We travelled but 4 miles and en- camped in a low, truly romantic val- ley just large enough for our tents, wagons, &c. We arrived a little before sunset and the prospect for the night seemed dubious enough. The ground was covered with snow, shoe deep, but our industrious men with hoes soon prepared places and pitched the tents, built wood-piles in front of them, and but a few minutes with many hands transformed the rude valley into a thriving town on Indian Creek,
Sunday, March 1st. The weather considerably moderated in the eve. The remainder of the Camp from Sugar Creek arrived with the Twelve, the Band, &c. and tented on the bluff which surrounded us.
THE CAMP OF ISRAEL Song for the Pioneers — No. 2.
Lo! a num'rous host of people Tented on the western shore
OF Eliza R. Snow
Of the noble Mississippi They for weeks were crossing o'er. At the last day's dawn of winter, Bound with frost and wrapt in snow. Hark! the sound is onward, onward! Camp of Israel! rise & go.
All at once is life in motion — Trunks and beds & baggage fly; Oxen yok'd and horses harness'd. Tents roU'd up, are passing by. Soon the carriage wheels are rolling Onward to a woodland dell, Where at sunset all are quarter'd — Camp of Israel! All is well.
Thickly round, the tents are cluster'd Neighb'ring smokes together blend — Supper served — the hymns are chanted And the evening pray'rs ascend. Last of all the guards are station'd — Heav'ns! Must guards be serving here? Who would harm the houseless exiles? Camp of Israel! Never fear.
Where is freedom? Where is justice? Both have from this nation fled; And the blood of martyr'd Prophets, Must be answer'd on its head! Therefore to your tents, O Jacob! Like our Father Abr'm dwell— God will execute his purpose — Camp of Israel! All is well."
Monday, March 2. According to the order of the preceding night, the whole camp, except some appointed to do a job of work, move forward as early as practicable, and the weather having moderated considerably, after starting on frozen ground & ice, the traveling in the afternoon was in mud & water. Journey'd 12 miles & en- camp'd in a field where piles of small wood were scattered very conveniently for our fires as if prepared for the pur- pose, but they had been heap'd by the owner and left either thro' hurry or neglect. The last of the way being very bad, the last of the company only arrived in time for the next morning start. The country was timber land and quite broken, with high bluffs ris- ing loftily over low valleys and but little cultivated.
Tuesday, March 3. Camp mov'd in a body 8 miles which was on the bank of the Des Moines. The traveling much better than the previous day — the weather fine — passed through the town of Farmington, where the inhabitants manifested great curiosity and more levity than sympathy for our homeless situation-~We join'd Bishop Miller's company, where he halted to perform a job of chopping and fencing on Reed's Creek.
Our encampment this night may truly
be recorded by this generation as a
miracle. A city rear'd in a few hours,
and everything in operation that living
{Continued on page 186)
^Eliza R. Snow wrote "Camp of Israel," No. 1, "West side of the Mississippi." This was a song "which the Saints sang with hearty zest.
"Camp of Israel," No. 2, was written on leaving the first encampment after crossing the Mississippi, Mar. 1, 1846. — Jensen's Biographical Encyclopedia, Vol. I, 696
INTRODUCTION
THE urgency of the departure of the Saints from Nauvoo can be implied from the fact that on Wednesday, Febru- ary 4, 1846, the first group left their City Beautiful and crossed the Mississippi River in the initial step on their accepted journey westward. The strength of their testimony is also exempHfled, for rather than deny their faith, they resolved that, even in the bitterest of winter months, they would go where they might find freedom to wor- ship God according to their own dictates and to His commands. It was also on this same day, February 4, 1846, that Sam Brarman, with 235 members from New England and the Atlantic states, set sail in the ship Brooklyn from New York for Yerba Buena, California.
On February 6, Bishop George Miller and a company with six wagons crossed the river from Nauvoo to Iowa, and sev- eral days later commenced moving the Saints, by night as well as by day.
Journals of those who crossed the plains have emphasized, by their very under- statement, the intensely real hardships and ordeals which they endured. Those who have been far removed from their suffer- ings can do well to relive some of their moving experiences. The diary of Eliza R. Snow, whose immortal hymn "O My Father" has brought comfort and hope to countless thousands, proves stirring reading.
LeRoi C. Snow, a nephew of Eliza R. Snow and a son of President Lorenzo Snow, has graciously permitted the Era to print this journal, for which he has written the following introduction:
ELIZA RoxcY* Snow was born in Becket, Massachusetts, January 21, 1804. In 1806, the family moved to Ohio, where her brother Lorenzo was born in 1814. In April, 1835, Eliza was baptized by the Prophet Joseph Smith. She moved to Kirtland and lived in his home, where she taught a select school for young ladies.
When the Saints were driven from Kirt^ land, Eliza drove a team much of the way to Par West. Forced again from there,
*Eliza R. Snow's second name is sometimes spelled Roxcey, Roxcy, in addition to Roxcy.
the family moved to Illinois. In Nauvoo, Eliza taught a school for girls in the home of Sidney Rigdon. On June 29, 1842, she was married to the Prophet Joseph Smith, and in 1849, five years after the Prophet's martyrdom, she was married to President Brigham Young.
Eliza R. Snow organized the Retrench- ment Association, later the Y.L.M.I.A., and was active for forty'five years in the Relief Society. Moreover, she traveled widely in the interest of the Primary, or- ganizing numerous associations.
Eliza R. Snow's journal is an intimate account of the exodus from Nauvoo, the sojourn at Winter Quarters, and the pio- neer journey across the plains.
The journal contains important inci- dents which are not recorded elsewhere, not even in the official "Journal History" of the Church.
This priceless journal — or diary — has never been published and has been seen by very few persons. There are two vol- umes— very small, leather-covered books. The paper is yellow with age, although the ink and writing are about as clear and distinct as when first written. The first volume is three and a half by five and a quarter inches and contains eighty pages. The second volume is two and a half by four inches and contains seventy-nine pages. The first volume begins February 12, 1846, and continues to May, 1847. The second volume extends from June 1, 1847, to August 8, 1849. The beautiful writing is so very small that a reading glass is necessary to read some of it.
The first time I ever saw these journals was when my Aunt Eliza showed them to me in her room in the Lion House. She let me handle them; she read several pages to me and promised that some day they would be given to me. My father. Presi- dent Lorenzo Snow, had the journals after Aunt Eliza died (December 5, 1887) , and my mother gave them to me nearly forty years ago. She also gave me the pen which Aunt Eliza used and the small ink bottle which she carried. I am now keep- ing the diary in the Historian's Office. ;^ LeRoi C. Snow . ,
EARLY STAGE OF THE JOURNEY— FIGURES ALONG THE ROUTE INDICATE MILES TRAVELED BETWEEN DATES
143
Ti-ondheim Cathedral,, Norway, a beautiful en- closure for woi-ship, im- pressive to the eye, but hard on the ear. Vaulted ceilings, cavernous aisles, and a myriad of orna- mental surfaces toss the spoken word about in space until it becomes a clangor of meaningless sound.
—Courtesy Salt Lake Public Libcaty
Hearing
To all these questions there is an answer. These afid similar prob- lems troubled men centuries ago. But today we not only know the an- swer; we can also solve the prob- lem! The solution hes in the field of "acoustics"- — that new lusty branch of physics.
pARLY architects reahzed that the reflecting walls of an enclosure created interference with speech sound. But they had no idea that the shape of the building, or the height of the structure, or the sur- face decorations had anything to do with being able to hear clearly. They knew only that some buildings were excellent in this regard; others were of little value.
Perhaps pageantry in the early Christian churches was so predom- inant because it was difficult for the preacher to make himself clearly heard. At any rate, for centuries churches have been erected as im- pressive monuments in w^hich to worship — but hardly as buildings in which to receive instruction or edu-
HAVE you ever sat in a chapel and strained to hear what the speaker was saying, and after trying futilely to get the drift of his talk, wished you hadn't come to church after all? Or, turn about, have you ever been the speaker in meeting, or on a program for the Mutual, or given an announcement in the chapel, and felt that your audience was drifting away from you because they couldn't hear you clearly? How you desperately tried to regain their attention by speaking louder — but for the most part you only succeeded in wearing yourself out!
Surely, you have at some time or other been a teacher in Sunday School, Primary, Mutual, or some other organization. Perhaps you never had any discipline problems. But perhaps you did — just a little! Especially if you happened to be teaching a group of adolescent youngsters full of life and fun. How many times did you come away from your class, exhausted from trying to keep them quiet and interested? Yet you had put in hours of study on your lesson. You were really puzzled why it was such an effort to hold their attention.
And you musicians, have you no- ticed as you perf£>rmed in various 144
chapels, that you have had to labor to put over your song or musical selection in some buildings; but that in others it was a rare delight, for your music seemed winged with sound and the audience appreciative of your least effort?
But even if you have never been
cation.
In other public buildings, how- ever, such as theaters or auditoriums, acoustic behavior, or ability to hear clearly, became a major considera- tion— and a worry. The architect w^as never certain what the acoustic behavior of the building he was de-
Various paths by which sound reaches the listen- er. Each reflecting sur- face alters the quality of the sound. Solid lines represent direct recep- tion; dotted lines, indi- rect, or reflected.
MANY TIMES REFLECTED
on the pulpit or stage, as a member of the Church have you ever stopped to analyze the feeling of peace and quiet you felt as you stepped over the threshold of some chapel? Or wondered why you didn't have that same impression in another building? It reminded you rather of a public auditorium, or just a meeting place for a group of people. It didn't possess a soul-stirring quality. Yet perhaps the latter building was as beautifully decorated as the first.
signing would be; it was an anxious moment when the structure was used for the first time.
Here and there were large audi- toriums that had been abandoned or converted into some other type of building because speech could not be heard distinctly enough.
It was a plague to the architects. Why should one building be accept- able for speech purposes, and an- other of the same size and seating capacity be a failure?
s
ELIEVING .
Architects attempted to work out rule-of-thumb procedures in order to overcome the acoustic deficiencies, but it was not until 1895 that Wal- lace C. Sabine, a young physicist of Harvard University, began to experiment seriously and gather in- formation on this problem. In 1900 he published the results of his ex- periments and gave us the first quantitative information on the na- ture and control of reverberation of sound in an enclosure. This marked the beginning of modern architect- ural acoustics.
Then came the brilliant work of Dr. Harvey Fletcher, a director of the Bell Laboratories, and a native Utahn and member of the Church. In 1929 he published his book Speech and Hearing, a text which embodies the results of his research on the characteristics of speech and the interpretation of speech sounds.
Dr. Vern Knudsen, Professor of Physics and Dean of the Graduate School at the University of Cali- fornia, and also a Latter-day Saint, did considerable work not only in further exploring the fundamental
Top: Cross section of a rostrum or stage show- ing the advantages gained by properly placing re- flecting surfaces.
Bettom: Floor plan of the same, showing ac- tion of side surfaces.
By FRANKLIN Y. GATES, A.S.A.
Acoustic Consultant Radio Service Corporation, KSL
behavior of architectural acoustics, but also in correlating all the find- ings of previous and contemporary scientists. He published the results of this work in 1932 in his book Architectural Acoustics.
A'
BOUT this time, talking pictures began to flood the screen. The public was delighted. They were new and exciting. But though the talkies were intriguing, they were hard to follow at first; movie-goers had to strain to understand what was being said. So with the advent of talking pictures, knowledge of acoustics became a necessity.
As a result, enough information has been accumulated in the last ten years so that today the acoustic be- havior of an auditorium can be pre-
Workers mounting absorb- ent board in the chapel of the Mesa Second Ward as part of the thorough- going acoustic modifica- tion which increased the hall's listener capacity by one hundred.
dieted within fairly close limits. This science has become a tool by which education can be greatly ac- celerated, the enjoyment of music and the spoken word be heightened, and attitudes and emotions molded. Designing a room so that speech can be clearly heard and easily in- terpreted is influenced by the limita- tion of our ears. Speech sounds are made of complex tones which are varied in intensity from instant to instant by the speaker. The ear can follow these very readily in ordin- ary intimate conversation, but in a general hubbub the ear cannot rec- ognize one sound in the presence of another. This is called masking, and might be likened to the masking of vision caused by smearing grease over eye-glasses.
(Continued on page 184)
c/"^ c /I'o .
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
STAKE AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS
CUGGESTIONS OF VITAL CONCERN TO THE ENTIRE ChURCH MEMBER- *^ SHIP FROM THE ChURCH WeLFARE AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE
IT is proposed that every stake agricultural advisory committee throughout the Church adopt two or more of the following suggestions as a program of action for 1943. It is re- quested that every stake work vigor- ously on No. 1 ( Farm Labor Program ) , and others as it may elect. This may supplement or dovetail into any pro- grams that might already be under way. These suggestions are in broad general outline, details of which should be sup- plied by stake and ward officers and committees. (Regional agricultural committees will see to the proper func- tioning of this program in the respective stakes under their jurisdiction. )
It is urgently recommended that agri- cultural advisory committees, both re- gional and stake, utilize the machinery of the Welfare program, regional, stake, ward, Priesthood quorums, etc., in launching and carrying forward a "pro- gram of work." Plan a continuous seasonally timely educational and ad- vertising campaign on all projects chos- en. Seven suggested projects follow:
I. Farm Labor Program
a. Prepare now to satisfy farm labor needs — Perfect organization so as to utilize all available man and machine power in satisfying the needs for farm labor, in the all-out production-for-vic- tory program this year. City as well as country stakes and wards to be or- ganized. Young and old alike, men and women, boys and girls, should be used in this great labor emergency. ( Surveys will be necessary to determine farm la- bor needs as well as all sources of avail- able labor.)
b. Prevent forced sales — Make care- ful and thorough surveys to determine who, if any, may have to sell their dairy cows, or other livestock, or even some or all of their land, due to lack of labor. Prevent such sales as far as possible by proper and full utilization of local labor, and labor from adjacent quorums, wards, and stakes. Some of these avail- able farms might be operated as Wel- fare projects.
II. A Home Garden Program
a. Production — A home vegetable garden for every family or group of families. In many parts it will be a question of actually producing the vege- tables and fruits, or being denied them in the diet, as they will not be available to purchase. Begin planning now.
b. Preservation — A production pro- gram should be followed up to see that all products are utilized either fresh, canned, dried, stored or otherwise pre- served. (The goal: one year's supply 146
on hand.) This program is meant for city as well as country people.
III. A Cow-Sow-Hen Program
A milk cow, a sow, and some hens (meat birds for small flocks) for every family or group of families. This pro- gram offers excellent opportunities for cooperation on a small scale, to families, as well as larger groups.
IV. Farm and Home Equipment Conservation
A greater regard for, and a conscious effort in, prolonging the life of all farm and home equipment, as well as the house, farm buildings, clothing, bedding etc.; this offers possibilities for definite planning and launching of specific proj- ects.
V. Farming Program for Young Folk
a. A cropping or livestock program or both for our young people; especial- ly such crops as potatoes, dry and snap beans, sweet corn, carrots, cabbage, lima beans, celery, onions, and lettuce in our higher mountain valleys; such livestock as turkeys, meat birds, and rabbits.
b. Lend every possible encourage- ment to 4-H and Smith-Hughes projects, under the state Extension Service and high school agricultural teachers.
VI. Production
a. Encourage -farmers to plan more carefully their production programs, to make greater use of manure and com- mercial fertilizers, and to control weeds and utilize their irrigation water more effectively.
b. Urge all farmers to: (1) Pre- plan their farming programs; (2) Keep farm and home accounts. They may begin by making use of one or all of the following approaches:
1. An inventory
2. A budget
3. A farm and home plan of opera- tion
4. Actual record-keeping of produc- tion, expenses, and receipts. (This is vital for efficient farm management, and the data will be necessary for a proper rendering of income tax statements. )
The state Extension Service will co- operate in any movement along this line with individuals, as well as groups.
VII. Retain Farm and Home Own- ership
Encourage every family to :
a. Retain ownership of home and farm.
b. Clear off the mortgage as fast as possible, and avoid speculation.
JjD ?{jLryL
WHO WOULD SPEAK
By ALBERT L. ZOBELL, JR.
WOULD you be willing to invest fifty cents, and then spend five minutes a day on yourself— the five-minute "dead spot" just before supper will do — if, in return, you could become the best-informed speaker in your ward? It can be done. The fifty cents would be spent on a "private edition"^ — created especially for you — and how well your master box of magic served you would depend entirely up- on you; you would create it for your- self in those daily five minutes.
There is probably a recipe card file in your kitchen. Take a good look at it, but don't borrow it. Get one for yourself. It may be metal; it may be cedar; it may be cardboard; or it may be cardboard pleated like an accordion. The size and shape of the cards and the box will have to please only one person — ^yourself.
Now go into your library. Acquaint yourself with your books. Read them for paragraphs with imagery; anec- dotes that illustrate; catchy figures of speech; factual material that appeals to the reason. Place these references on your card file.
One of the most valuable sources of material for speeches is the Aaronic Priesthood manuals. The principles of the gospel and the faith-promoting in- cidents therein are presented in an in- teresting manner for any age group.
One cannot overestimate the value of the common fairy tale and the lowly fable in clinching a point. It will there- fore be wise to evaluate every book in the house. With this card index of your library compiled and before you, you can discover the weaknesses in your library and begin to build intelligently a well-rounded choice of books at Christmas and birthday times.
But that is only the backbone for your card index. Now for that daily five minutes: In the newspapers are usually bits of wisdom and poetry on the editorial pages that may interest you as source material for future speeches. News stories, cartoons, and magazine articles — all are a potential source for talk topics. Your radio and other entertainments will supply pleas- ing anecdotes on a variety of subjects. These will be transferred to your cards, '>ither by copying or by pasting, and filed alphabetically as to subject matter.
In a surprisingly short period of time this index system will be strong enough to supply your talking demands. It will be a simple matter to take the cards from your file, use them as notes in your talk, flip them over and initial them for the organization in which used, and [Concluded on page 163)
EORGE D. PyPER
By MILTON BENNION,
First Assistant General Superintendent.
Deseret Sunday School Union
PHOTOGRAPH OF GEORGE D. PYPER WITH FLOWER GIRLS IN TRIBUTE AND PLEDGE, OCTOBER CONFERENCE, 1937.
In George D. Pyper is pecsoni- fied the genius and much of the history of the great Sunday School movement. He not only has sat at tlie feet of al! of our great Sunday School leaders of the past, but he also, in his own life, rep- resents the very spirit of Sunday School work. Nature endowed him richly. Al! of the patterns of the ages were available, and from them what a composite was built into the soul of George D. Pyper. There is in him the faith of Abraham, the music of David, the affection of Jonathan, the wis- dom of Solomon, the patience of Job — all of these qualities crown- ed with the love and devotion of the Master. To know him is an honor; to be associated with him is one of the rarest privileges of life. — Adam S. Bennion.
FOR a third of a century it has been my privilege to be associated with Brother George D. Pyper in the work of the Deseret Sunday School Union Board. He was at the beginning of that period a veteran in the work, general secretary, thoroughly familiar with the work of Sunday School and thoroughly able to participate effective- ly in every aspect of the Sunday School work. My impression of him then was that he was a very courteous, kindly and helpful elder brother. That im- pression has grown with me with the years and with my continued associa- tion with him.
A few years later he became a mem- ber of the general superintendency, and with a reorganization of this group he became general superintendent. During these years he had charge of the Sunday School offices and the publications of the Sunday School Union.
As you know, he was a very remark- able man. His artistic temperament was manifested in more diverse ways than is usual. He excelled in the fields of music, pageantry, dramatics, and liter- ature. We have all observed, I suppose, that some people of artistic tempera- ment have little administrative ability. This was not the case with him. He
Photograph bg Leland Van Wagoner
was very capable as an administrative officer. As manager of the Salt Lake Theatre, director of pageants for the Church, manager of Tabernacle Choir tours, and in various capacities in the service of the state and the community, he manifested a great deal of business ability.
We know him, however, primarily as our leader in the work of the Church, with which he was thoroughly familiar, sound in doctrine, and loyal to the Church and to the community. With all his ability and his experience, he was extremely modest and always {Concluded on page 183)
WUIsi&iDfUidu
GEORGE DoLLiNGER Pyper, general superinten- dent of the Deseret Sunday School Union, died January 16, 1943, at eighty-two years of age. He had been ill for four weeks, follow- ing a heart attack suffered at his office, where he was wont to spend full and energetic days. His life, rich with the gifts of the spirit, was replete, too, with scenes and activities and events as they are measured by the calendar. Some of these milestones are enumerated below:
Born in Salt Lake City, November 21, 1850, the son of Alexander C. and Christiana Dollinger Pyper
As a boy, helped his father raise silkworms in the pioneer cocoonery near Eagle Gate (See Era, November, 1935); studied penmanship under Heber J. Grant and attended school in the Sugarhouse and Twelfth Ward schools, and, for a time, Brigham Young's private school
Studied law two years, and attended University of Deseret under John R. Park
1875-1882 Police court clerk; justice of the peace, 1884; alderman and police judge, 1886-1890
1877-1885 Conducted the Twelfth Ward choir
1883 Married Emmaretta Smith Whitney in the Endowment House
1885 First operatic role in Patience: thereafter, for twenty-five years sang leading tenor role in the Salt Lake Opera Company
1890-1891 Associate editor. The Contributor: as- sistant secretary, Deseret Agricultural and Man- ufacturing Society; .secretary, state fair organ- ization
1893 In charge of Utah agricultural exhibit at Chicago world fair; with Tabernacle Choir to San Francisco and Chicago
1896 Special missionary to Eastern States with Brigham H. Roberts and Mclvin J. Ballard
1897 Appointed to Deseret Sunday School Union general board; in charge of Utah exhibit at the Tennessee Centennial, Nashville; secretary to Heber J. Grant (then Apostle); manager of Heber J. Grant Life Insurance Company
1898 Called to manage the Salt Lake Theatre, continuing until 1929, when the building was razed
1909 Managed Church exhibit at the Alaska- Yukon exposition, Seattle
1910 Associate editor. The Juvenile Instructor (now The Instructor)
1911 Managed Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir trip to National Irrigation Congress, New York, and concerts en route
1918 Became member of the Sunday School gen- eral superintendency under David O. McKay 1920 Appointed to Church Music Committee
1929 Published Romance of An Old Playhouse, informal history of the Salt Lake Theatre
1930 Chairman, Centennial Pageant Committee, which presented "The Message of the Ages" during commemoration of the Church centennial
1931 Visited the Hawaiian Mission
1933 Supervised preparation of Church exhibit at Century of Progress exposition, Chicago
1934 Became general superintendent of the Deseret Sunday School Union; conducted Tabernacle Choir tour to Century of Progress exposition, Chicago
1937 Made European tour, visiting Sunday Schools 1939 Published Stories o/ L.D.S. Hymns (See Era,
Volumes 39-42)
In addition, George D. Pyper was affiliated in various capacities with numerous civic organiza- tions: member, first Salt Lake Board of Educa- tion and first City Library Board; president. Salt Lake Oratorio Society; charter member, Orpheus Club; member. Philharmonic Society; manager and president. Musical Arts Society; president. Salt Lake Civic Music Association; member, Rotary Club.
147
g^ihh. LEGALIZED SABOTAGE?
it
WEALTH in furs was increased a century ago through debauching the American Indian with liquor. . , . Unscrupulous mountain men thought nothing of exploiting the native if only the yield in furs increased. We are experiencing a modern parallel to this sacrifice of human well-being to mercenary interest. The thousands wrung from the former enterprise were as a drop in the vast sea of modern li- quor profits. And where the former prey was regarded as an inferior remnant without claim to overmuch considera- tion, you and I and a hundred million other Americans are the intended vic- tims of the present program for mount- ing dividends.
If this sounds extravagant, consider the fact that in a single year the Ameri- can public pays over four billion dol- lars for liquor. All this expenditure is
■pVERYTHING I AM TRYING TO BUILD UP AS AN EDUCATOR, •*-^ ALCOHOL DRINK TENDS TO TEAR DOWN."- — President
George B. Cutten of Colgate University.
^^HThE main objective of the WISE BREWER TODAY IS •^ TO WIN NEW CUSTOMERS. ThERE STILL ARE MIL- LIONS OF PERSONS IN THE UnITED StATES WHO ARE NOT REGULAR BEER USERS — THEY OFFER THE GREATEST OPPOR- TUNITY FOR PROFIT." — American Brewer.
gering tribute to the narcotic gods for temporary escape from the world of reality into the illusion of well-being. The expenditure, however, does not represent a normal but rather a stimu- lated demand. And herein lies the viciousness of the modern exploitation of human beings. Through all known devices the liquor interests push their
By GUSTIVE O. LARSON
Director, L. D. S. Institute of Religion, Cedar City, Utah
persons in the United States who are not regular beer users — they offer the greatest opportunity for profit." Or
program of making every non-drinker consider the following from the Brew
a drinker and every user an increasingly heavy user of their products. Without
diverted from channels of necessity and shame or hedging they announce their
human welfare to the purchase of a non- aims. Said the American Brewer in
essential which experience has proved January, 1936, "The main objective of
to be harmful to the individual and a the wise brewer today is to win new
menace socially. It represents a stag- customers. There still are millions of
<l|ftiif ittf ftf Etf fe
SALtS ilMIT€D. f ORBIDDEN OP -RATIONED !
AMERICAN BUSINESS MEN'S RESEARCH FOUNDATION- CHICAGO-,
ers' Digest in May, 1941 : "One of the finest things that could have happened to the brewing industry was the insist- ence of high-ranking officers to make beer available at army camps. . . Here is a chance for brewers to cultivate a taste for beer in millions of young men who will eventually constitute the larg- est beer-consuming section of our popu- lation." The statement gloats over its newly claimed victims, "The present conscripted army is the jealously guard- ed pride and joy of the nation."
So, because the normal demand for alcoholic products never equals the de- sire for increased profits, the liquor interests go on bombarding the nation with every appeal conceivable. And the nation's narcotic menace increases in proportion to the success of their ad- vertising. The liquor industry can never prosper without a heavy toll upon civilization.
The great American tragedy is that while alcohol is known to reduce effici- ency, boost our crime record, menace our highways, wreck our homes, and pauperize our people, we smile indul- gently while the liquor interests continue to push the sale for increased profits. Legislators point to the billion-dollar tax income from the industry as though that were compensation for immeasur- ably greater economic losses to the na- tion, to say nothing of human values involved. And we go on ignoring the nullifying effect of liquor upon every organized efEort to educate and build a healthy, normal citizenship. The sit- uation is well summarized by President George B. Cutten of Colgate Univer- sity; "Everything I am trying to build up as an educator, alcohol drink tends to tear down. The results of a college education and consuming beverage al- cohol are represented by opposite poles."
While alcoholic sponsors continue
their program of educating the public
in proper liquor etiquette, let us look
at their products in the light of the pres-
(Concluded on page 170)
148
Strange
.ELEN Morgan stood on the street corner waiting for the hght to change when, from behind, she heard a famihar voice, "Wait a minute and we'll walk home with you." Turning around she saw her neighbors Marge Mangum and Nancy Kane coming toward her, each carrying a dress box under her arm.
"Well, hello, you old sports," ex- claimed Helen. "Looks like another of your shopping sprees." Then, glancing admiringly from one to the other, "Mm — ^I like your new hats!"
"Glad you like them," said Marge. "We thought we needed a lift after all this snow and cold."
"There's nothing that bolsters my hopes like a new hat," chimed in Nancy as the three started across the street.
"What's this I hear about your husband being made bishop?" said Marge. And in the same breath, "That's fine. Congratulations."
"When I read it in the paper this morning I was certainly proud of him," said Nancy smihng sweetly. "But why you two would accept such responsibility when you're so young is more than I can understand. You're just the age we are, and if you're going to have fun, you've got to have it now," she added sympathet- ically, putting plenty of emphasis on now. "I w^ant to be free to have a
cocktail occasionally. I just couldn't be happy with all the restrictions or« being tied down with a lot of church duties!"
"Aren't you afraid this responsi- bility with all its problems and de- mands will make both of you seri- ous?" queried Marge.
Helen smiled understandingly. "It Z5 a great undertaking but it won't spoil our lives or our fun; it will only enrich them — it's going to mean ser- vice to others, growth and develop- ment. I believe it's a real opportun- ity!" ^
"It's strange, isn't it," pondered Nancy, "even though we're neigh- bors, we live in different worlds, we do things differently. To me the week-end means a late party or some sort of celebration and sleeping in on Sunday till noon. But you're al- ways up with the sun, hustling around getting your family off to church."
"That's the way it was at home, when I was a kid," said Marge. "I can see mother now, giving us a bath, curling our hair, and laying out our clothes so there wouldn't be such a mad scramble on Sunday morning. Strange how one gets off the beaten path."
"Don't take me wrong," Nancy
added hastily. "I believe in religion. I used to work in the church a lot till I married Tom. He always said he could live as good a life without going to church as those who did. He always had something else to do, and I didn't w^ant to go without him, so I sort of got out of the habit; now I've decided to have a good time, and when I get old and want some- thing quiet and consoling I'll — "
Marge broke in, "I think our families should come before church, too. I promised myself that I wouldn't do what my mother did — it was ridiculous! She worked in nearly every organization of the church — always doing something for the Relief Society or helping the Primary. She's stayed up till two or three in the morning making cos- tumes for the road-shows. If you're a willing horse they w^ork you to death! Right now, my mother would rather spend a day in the temple or at the genealogical library than spend a day with me. I intend to go back to church some day, but not now. I'm going to wait until I get Marilyn brought up and married {Concluded on page 165)
149
Sam
RANNAN
Part VI
THE rise of California from an indolent, all-but-forgotten province to its present envi- able position as a rich state in the richest of all nations, forms a study of deepest interest. In its early lore, sprinkled with far more liberality than people have come to realize, is the Mormon influence. From Lassen to the Mexican border, the hardy Saints wrote history.
The arrival of the Brooklyn in San Francisco Bay marked the true birth of a teeming metropolis. The founding of San Bernardino, under the Church's colonial program, was among the first serious developments of one of the world's richest agri- cultural areas. The Mormon Bat- talion's march to California, and the part played by its members while there, comes down to us as one of the most forceful epics of courage under adversity.
In considering the central Cali- fornia Mormon picture under Bran- nan, particularly the period from 1 847-50, the interlapping of the Bat- talion phase with that of the Brook- lyn colonists is constant. It is wise to pause for a proper consideration of the Mormon Battalion.
Two important factors determined the birth of this Mormon army — the outbreak of the Mexican War of 1846, and the drivings of the Saints from Illinois. On January 20 of that year, some weeks before the Nauvoo exodus, the high council caused to be published in Times and Seasons a public declaration of the Church's policy to remove itself to "some good valley of the Rocky Mountains." It further stated that in event of President Polk's "recom- mendations to build block houses and stockade forts on the route to Ore- gon, becoming a law, we have en- couragement of having that work to do, and under our peculiar circum- stances, we can do it with less ex- pense to the government than any other people."^
That same month Elder Jesse C. Little was chosen as president of the Eastern States Mission. His letter of appointment contained the fol- lowing instructions:
If our government shall offer any facili- ties for emigrating to the western coast, em- brace those facilities, if possible. As a wise
^Times and Seasons, VI. p. 1096
150
JEFFERSON HUNT AS H£ APPEARED IN THE LATER YEARS OF LIFE. FROM AN ENGRAVING WHICH APPEARED IN INGER- SOLL'S "ANNALS OF SAN BERNARDINO."
and faithful man, take every honorable ad- vantage of the times you can.^
Acting upon this inspired advice. Elder Little forthwith visited the President of the United States, James K. Polk, to plead the cause of the distressed Saints. His arrival in Washington, May 21, came at a time when the capital was seething with excitement. At the Mexican border, a reconnoitering troop of American dragoons had been am- bushed and fired upon, with a loss of sixteen men. Because of this in- cident. President Polk had directed a special message to Congress voiced in the indignant cry that "Mexico has invaded our territory, and shed the blood of our citizens on our own soil."" Congress had answered with a declaration of war against Mexico. When Elder Little arrived in Washington, already the victories of General Taylor in the battles of Palo Alto and Reseca de la Palma had fanned the American war spirit to a tempest. The plan was to gather a great "Army of the West" at Fort Leavenworth, under command of Colonel Stephen W. Kearny. Plans for this army included close coopera- tion of the American battle fleet al- ready dispatched around the Horn to the w^est coast of North America. But the first and major problem was
^Little's Report, History 0/ Brigham Young Ms., II, pp. 11-12 sLossing, History 0/ U. S.. 1872 ed.
jomi ihjL
to assemble that "Army of the West," to get it to California with- out delay.
Already the pathetic exodus of Mormons from Illinois had com- menced. Saints by the thousands were now trudging across the plains of Iowa. The generous tender of Mormon manpower to fortify the west, was avidly seized by President Polk and his cabinet as a ready-at- hand means of prosecuting the war. Out of Jesse Little's appeal for suf- frage in the Church's darkest hour of peril came a strange bargain. Elder Little's memorial to President Polk thus stated the Mormon overture:
I come to you, fully believing that you will not suffer me to depart without render- ing me some pecuniary assistance. . , . Our brethren in the west are compelled to go [west] ; and we in the eastern country are determined to go and live, and, if neces- sary, to suffer and die with them. Our de- terminations are fixed and cannot be changed. From twelve to fifteen thousand have already left Nauvoo for California, and many others are making ready to go. Some have gone around Cape Horn, and I trust before this time have landed at the Bay of San Francisco.
We have about forty thousand [mem- bers] in the British Isles, and hundreds up- on the Sandwich Islands, all determined to gather to this place, and thousands will sail this fall. There are yet many thousands scattered through the states, besides the great number in and around Nauvoo, who are determined to go as soon as possible, but many of them are poor (but noble men and women) , and are destitute of means to pay their passage either by sea or land.
If you assist us at this crisis, I hereby pledge my honor, my life, my property and all I possess as the representative of this people to stand ready at your call, and that the whole body of the people will act as one man in the land to which we are go- ing, and should our territory be invaded we hold ourselves ready to enter the field of battle, and then like our patriot fathers . . . make the battlefield our grave or gain our liberty.*
After so clear a terider of loyalty, and so honest a desire to serve, the President could not have honorably brushed the appeal aside. When Samuel Brannan had visited Wash- ington six months previous, he'd found a sullen, hostile attitude to- ward the Saints. The futile bar- gain he'd made for protection of his brethren had been one of political fraud and treachery without parallel. But now the nation was at war.
■iLittle's Report, pp. 20-22
By PAUL BAILEY
TyUyummA,
N EARLY CALIFORNIA
Manpower was sorely and immedi- ately needed on the western borders of the nation. Mormons already were on the western border. Mor- mons had the manpower. On June 5, 1846, Elder Little wrote in his report :
I visited President Polk; he informed me that we should be protected in Cahfornia, and that five hundred or one thousand of our people should be taken into the service, officered by our own men; said that I should have letters from him, and from the secre- tary of the navy to the squadron. I waived the President's proposal until evening, when I wrote a letter of acceptance.^
The final interview with President Polk was held June 8 :
. . . The President wished me to call at two p.m., which I did, and had an interview with him; he expressed his good feelings to our people — regarded us as good citizens,
E/fcid., p. 23
said he had received our suffrages, and we should be remembered; he had instructed the secretary of war to make out our papers, and that I could get away tomorrow.*
That great friend of the Mormons, Colonel Thomas L. Kane, was en- trusted with the orders to Kearny regarding the projected Mormon army. Kane accompanied Elder Lit- tle as far as St. Louis, where they separated — the Colonel continuing on to Fort Leavenworth to make ar- rangements. Little hurrying on to the wilderness of Iowa to lay before President Young the results of his Washington plea.
Acting under Kane's order from the President, Kearny meanwhile sped Captain James Allen north- ward from Fort Leavenworth to the Mormon camps. Allen's instructions
were to recruit immediately a bat- talion of five hundred Mormon men.
r\n the 30th of June, Captain Allen, in company with three dragoons, rode into President Young's camp at Council Bluffs. The next day he met with Church leaders, to de- cide the feasibility of so ambitious an undertaking, together with ways and means for its speedy accomplish- ment.
To drain five hundred of the ablest Mormons from the destitute ranks of the pioneers at this particular time was a hazardous measure — one which could well end in disaster for the whole Mormon venture. For one thing, the season was late. The heart- rending task of Nauvoo's evacuation had cost precious months, and had {Continued on page 167)
ARIZONA
dlcma£jL
MR. PEARCE'S HOME IN EAGAR, ARI- ZONA, WHERE RUSTLERS WERE GUARDED BEFORE BEING TAKEN TO JAIL
Part I
TiiRTY long years ago I was county ranger and under- sheriff of Apache County, Ari- zona, riding the Hne between New Mexico and Arizona, from the Utah border on the north to Old Mexico on the south. The Arizona Rangers had been disbanded sometime be- fore, and outlawry in the form of rustling, in both cattle and horses, was again rapidly becoming a men- ace, terrorizing the stockmen and settlers along the Arizona-New Mexico border. The rustlers were also preying upon the herds of the Navajo and Zuni Indians.
One morning in July, 1912, I re- ceived the following telegram:
MR JOE PEARCE ARIZONA RANGER SPRINGERVILLE ARIZONA
RUSTLERS SWOOPED DOWN ON ZUNI AND NAVAJO INDIAN RESERVATION STOP HEADED FOR MEXICAN BORDER WITH STOLEN HORSES AND MULES STOP CAN YOU TRAIL AND CAPTURE THEM
(signed) a Z HUTTO U S STOCKMAN AND DEPUTY
U S MARSHALL BLACK ROCK NEW MEXICO
152
J
OE PeARCE and HIS POSSE TRAIL OUTLAWRY TO ITS LAST LAIR ALONG THE ArIZONA-NeW MeXICO BORDER.
As told to JOHN W. FITZGERALD
I could. Although it wasn't in my territory and not in the line of my regular duty, I could, or at least I would try. But not alone — safety and common sense dictated that I get help, I summoned Clay Hunter, trapper, prospector, and cow^boy, to go with me. He was practically born on the open range and wasn't scared of anything. Good shot, too. A mighty handy man to have around.
Our horses were the best range stock obtainable. Thank Providence for that. A good horse was then worth its weight in nuggets.
We had a saddle horse and a pack horse apiece. Just as we were ready to leave, a tall Navajo Indian with long hair rode up and dismounted. From his wrist dangled a quirt; he'd pushed his horse to get there before we left. We shook hands. He said, "Need your help. Rustlers headed toward Mexican border. Indian scouts found trail, following out- laws. My name Baltazar Cojo (Ko-ho). Me have horses stole. Come. No?" He spoke Spanish. I understood Spanish perfectly.
"Si," I answered.
We already had packed — grain for our horses and chuck for our- selves— and left immediately. Balta- zar, the Navajo scout, led us to New Mexico to meet the trailers. We intercepted them twenty-five miles east of Springerville, Arizona, in New Mexico. They were camped for noon at Coyote Creek, resting their horses. The men trailing the rustlers were Jesus (Ha-soos) Erachio, governor or chief of the Zuni tribe, and his son, Leopoldo; Beek Cojo, brother of Baltazar; and Wayne Clawson, a white man, who had also lost horses.
We found them tired, out of food, with worn-out horses and with no desire to continue the chase. They had decided to return home and let the rustlers alone.
After preparing a good meal
which the Indians relished, they
agreed to go on. It's surprising how
much better the world looks on the
outside when you're full on the in-
HERE is a story that came to us by way of Bataan — that is to say, it's a real-Ufe "western" that might never have been put in writing if private Armond Pearce, Battery C, Anti-Aircraft Corps, Bataan, hadn't asked his father, one-time Arizona Ranger, for a tale of the old South- west to amuse his fellow soldiers.
"I remember," wrote Joe Pearce in reply, under date of April 2, 1942 (one week before Bataan fell), "I remember you were hardly more than a yearling, when you climbed upon my knee and asked for a 'tory about the Apache Kid, Chief Geronimo, or some other famous outlaw, many of whom I had a 'shootin' acquaint- ance' with. . . .
"I had many experiences, son, and I'm relating here the one which re- sulted in the breaking up of the last gang of rustlers in Arizona and New Mexico. ..."
side. And with Indians, that's gos- pel. Anyway, I had the tradition of the Arizona Rangers to uphold, "Never turn back till you get your man." I made em a little speech.
"You're brave men, not cow^ards. I need you; you need me. We work together. Come. We will break up this band of outlaws and stop rustl- ing for keeps in this country."
They came, and it was w^ell they did. You can't beat these Indians when it comes to trailing, and even they needed all their skill. The rainy season was on and rustlers al- ways took advantage of it to steal horses, cattle, and mules. The rain would soon beat out the tracks of the stolen animals.
We headed south for about ten miles. The trail was dim, but grass was good. We camped at dusk in a clump of pinon pines and cedars, built an Indian fire and prepared our meal. We had no water, but Clay Hunter knew where a water- ing hole, used by cattle and horses, was located. He took a canteen and a coffee pot and walked the half-mile or so to it. It was dark. When he returned, we found the water "alive." PoUiwogs and huahalotes or "water-dogs" made up a third of the contents. We strained the "live"
JOE PEARCE "WAY BACK WHEN . . ."
part of the water off by using a bur- lap sack, and made our drink, 'i'h/'. -water was pretty well "seasoned" so we didn't use as much as usual. But we drank it.
"Not bad," said Clay, "have tasted worse."
The Indians only grunted.
When the meal was over, Balta- zar spoke, "Lone Wolf, (the In- dians, even in later years, called me Lone Wolf) the rustlers stoled our cattle for years." He spat disgust- edly, "The snakes, lizards, Gila monsters."
Indians never swear but they call rustlers and other kinds of outlaws the names of the lowest creatures within their experience. And I learned that snakes, lizards, or Gila monsters are "good citizens" when compared with rustlers.
"Since soldiers gone from Fort Wingate and Fort Defiance, rustlers more bold. Steal often. Snakes!" said Erachio.
"We happy you here. Lone Wolf. We follow you, eat with you, help you. You good man, brave. We fight, if necessary," Baltazar continued. This made me feel good. And with mutual confidence we stretched our feet to the fire, lay on our saddle blankets and dozed off.
We were traveling fast and hght and could take no bedding. There was a tacit understanding among all rangemen and rangers that a man wasn't a real scout or ranger or cow- man who couldn't sleep on his saddle blanket, saddle for a pillow and a copy of the Times or World or Sun or American over his face.
T^AYBREAK saw US packed and on the trail, going to the southeast. We could see the trail sheered east of the great Escudilla mountain, in- dicating the outlaws were taking a fast route. We discovered from the tracks that there were three men driving the stolen horses and mules and that there were about sixty head of animals in the herd. We came to the noon camp of the desperados, made the day before, read the signs, and found that they had cut a pack mule from the stolen stock and roped him. A six-shooter had bounced out
MR. AND MRS. JOE PEARCE, TAKEN NEAR CLIFTON, ARIZONA, IN 1908.
r f its holster during this roping and Baltazar found it.
"Mira akoo." ( "Look here!" ) We looked, then gathered round. Clay unscrewed the screw in the handle of the six-gun with his pocket knife. The word "Pat" was lettered on the inside, and tw^o notches were cut next to the name.
The Indian, Beek Cojo, held up two fingers. "Bad. Killer. Snake," he grunted.
Baltazar gave me the gun and said, "Your gun. All I want, my horses." I kept the gun.
Grass was plentiful. Good water, not "seasoned," was at hand. We found that the rustlers had been lucky and had had antelope for din- ner the day before. We found the feet and legs by the dead fire. We made our camp close to their aban- doned one, ate our chuck, and felt much better. Soon the Indians found the boot prints of the outlaws. There were three of them. We could tell from their boots. One was a high, narrow, sharp heel; another a medi- um heeb and the third pair was minus a heel.
We rested our horses about an hour, then saddled and took the trail! We soon found that our outlaws had turned due south through rough, black malapai hills and were obvious- ly trying to cover their tracks. Here the Indian trailers were of great value. The four of them dismounted and Hunter, Clawson, and I drove their horses behind them. The In- dians took the trail afoot, holding their rifles in hand, ready for any- thing. Uphill and down, across ravines and through deep gorges we went. Sometimes the rustlers had driven the stolen stock through brush and timber. This told us they had expected someone to follow them. This was good country for ambush, too, and we had to be "double-barrelled " careful. They might try to waylay us.
'T'he trail led over a hill. A ranch house came into view. Hunter spoke, "That's McDermott's place." We all looked.
Erachio pointed to a horse three hundred yards away in the pasture. "My horse."
It was his horse, covered with sweat, obviously ridden down and left. We knew we were on the right track. We found no one at the ranch house. Queer! But we had no time to investigate, so away we went again. We rode about five minutes when we saw dust coming from the east. I used my field glasses.
{Continued on page ISO),
153
wm
WINDS
By Helen Candland Stark
^''T'he door shut by itself," my frightened
J- child Cried in the night. And I, murmuring com- fort, "It is the wind," felt on my face that wind Which brooks no stopping, shutting and
shutting doors Across the world —
Granary doors before hungry hands; Wood and oil from the cold; Ghetto doors where no lintel stained For the Chosen God can make bold The heart. Itself will drip the stain. Doors of churches black in the rain, The altar bombed and the stair; And the deep dark doors of the seven seas And the ships that enter there.
"The door shut by itself," my httle child Wept in the night. And I muted his fears. But then, alone, I heard the winds of hate Shriek through the world. Babes in the
dark are we, Longing to hear the One who mastered
winds, say "Peace, peace, be still."
W
REQUEST
By Lucile Jones
HEN the sun is warm and the ocean sings,
Have joy in the peace that lightness brings. Forget me then, and forget the night; Look at the sky and be glad the sight, And hold the hand that is nearest then And laugh forgetfully again —
But when the sunless earth is cold And trees stand bitter and sad and old. And your hand lies empty and stars are
black, When the old heart-weariness comes back And fearful and dead are the sky and sea — Remember again; remember me.
"A BIRD IN THE HAND"
By Samuel J. Allard
THIS bird in my hand is a futile thing- An adage to refute; He has quite forgotten that he can sing- So frightened he is mute.
So I'll release him with a gentle push— I'll watch him swiftly winging; And be repaid when, safe in the bush, I hear his joyful singing.
CONSTANCY
By Prances Martin Johnson
I DO not ask the clouds to hold Their restless stormy seas. To let the sunshine pour its gold Across low bowing trees; For when I feel the windswept air And touch the clean wet rain, I still know that the sun is there To pour its gold again.
SATIETY
By Edgar Daniel Kramer
I WOULD know the crowded city With its clamor and its rush. So I turned me from the high hills
In the twilight's holy hush, And I took the road that led me
Over dale and over down *
To the city of my dreamings And the turmoil of the town.
I am weary of the city
And the crowds that pass and pass; I would hear the willows whisper
To the winds amid the grass; I would know the breath of lilacs,
When Spring walks the haunted glen, So my eager feet are tramping
To the luring hills again.
GRATITUDE By Emily Barlow
HER secret gold — cupped white — Scatters skirtfuls of perfume Through the room. And I breathe pure delight. Who knows How to thank a rose?
MARCH-LIKE By Thelma Ireland
THE month of March is like some folk. So blustery and blowy. It seems to swagger and to strut. In manner very showy. But like most braggadocios, Whose manners sometimes sting. She tries to hide a humble soul — Her heart is warm, like spring.
o
— Photograph by Coursin Black
TO THE MARCH WIND
By Faye Lyon Swiniord
H stop, March Wind! Stop your blow- ing!
My little maple trees need hoeing; I want to set some berries out; But I can't work with you about. Why don't you ever take a rest? I like the still days much the best!
SYMMETRY IN CONTRAST By Maurine Jennings
THE Bride- — A creature of moods — Blithe as the wandering wind in the spring. She was a gay young impetuous thing: Pure as the white of the hawthorn in bloom. Sweet as the rosebud in earliest June, Wild as the sea and as free as the air, A gypsy in spirit with ilame-colored hair.
THE Groom — Iron in his veins — Straight as the aspen in evergreen glade; Hair like the ebon of night's deepest shade; Wisdom advanced, yet his eye did betray Youth in a sweet irresistible way; Noble his purpose, artistic his hands, Unswerving his will, ruled by reason's firm bands.
■ ♦
PRAYER FOR LIVING
By Lillian Hopkins
JfusT to be tender, just to be true; I Just to be glad the whole day through! ust to be merciful, just to be mild; Just to be trustful as a child. Just to be gentle, kind and sweet; Just to be helpful with willing feet. Just to be cheery when things go wrong. Just to drive sadness away with a song, Whether the hour is dark or bright. Just to be loyal to God and the right.
KERCHOO!
By Grace Sayre
OH, Spring, put on your rubbers Till April's mind is made! She's such a notional little elf She doesn't know her mind, herself- Whether to dance or wade.
HOUSE GUEST TO HOSTESS By Frances Hall
I KNOW now where you get that tranquil look
You take with you across the busy days, Along what paths your feet learn gentle
ways To walk among the tasks no mind could
brook Without some secret source of power, what
nook Is refuge when you need a quiet space To gain once more your kind untroubled
grace,
Whence all your happiness you took.
Your garden holds the murmuring of bees To hush the strident world's unhappy cry. Your chairs are cushioned deep for fireside
ease. Your clock ticks slow with placid mem- ories.
Beneath this roof, within these walls there lie
The scent, the sound, the very feel of peace.
154
w iii[ mil m
CHRISTIAN EUROPE TODAY
( Adolph Keller. Harper and Brothers, New York City. 1942. 310 pages. $3.00.)
DR. Keller, eminent cosmopolitan schol- ar, deals in this book with the spiritual forces involved in the present world commo- tion. His descriptions of spiritual condi- tions in Europe tear at the heartstrings, but give a clear view of the real needs of Moth- er Europe. Courageous men and women, at the risk of life itself, are there keeping the flame of Christianity alive, and millions in Russia and the other countries, defying state orders, meet secretly in the name of Jesus Christ. Dr. Keller expresses the un- usual view (long taught by the Latter-day Saints) that a "universal priesthood," and "one Church of Christ" are necessary to make the church a factor in the world's reconstruction. He declares fearlessly for liberty of conscience, worship, faith, mis- sionary endeavor, and religious education. The book is the work of a great scholar and profound thinker — a relief from the current run of war books. — /. A. W.
HOW TO WIN THE PEACE {Carl J. Harabro. J. B. Lippincott Com- pany, Philadelphia. 1942. 384 pages. $3.00.)
DR. Hambro, president of the League of Nations Assembly and of the Norweg- ian Parliament, is a world leader of demo- cratic thought. This book is the sober, steady voice of a great statesman, who knows from personal contact the involve- ments of European politics. From out of his experience he speaks clearly of the huge problems certain to arise when the war is over.
The book falls into two parts. The first is a background for a future world order. The historical forces and factors, tangible and intangible, that led to World Wars I and II, are set forth with scholarly accuracy, yet in simple language. A clear understand- ing is left of the practical things that must be done to create in the hearts of men a desire for peace and a horror of war.
The second part is a frank discussion of what may be learned from the League of Nations experiment. Such inquiries into past experiences form the rational approach to the formulation of new organizations. To ignore history Avhen building for the future is a grave mistake. The discussion as it proceeds becomes, incidentally, a brief his- tory of the League of Nations.
Nine common-sense, practical conclu- sions, to guide action after the war, com- plete the book.
In the welter of war books, this is one of the best, because it is factually depend- able, and easily comprehended. If the peo- ple, rather than politicians, are to win the peace, it would be well for all Americans to read this book. — J. A. W.
FOR PERMANENT VICTORY (Melvin M. Johnson, Jr., and Charles T. Haven. William Morrow and Co., New York. 1942. 246 pages. $2.50.)
MUCH as decent people hate war, we must agree with the argument of this book. America must be at least as well equipped as are the gangsters whom we are fighting. American wars are reviewed to show that as a nation, though possessed of much indi- vidual courage and initiative, we have not been as well equipped for battle as the
enemy. The hand of the Lord must have been over us, to give us victory. The sober view is taken that though the war be won, the peace may not be won unless we pre- pare, in men and machines, to defeat prompt- ly any rising enemy. Preparedness alone will ensure permanent victory. Much in- teresting and valuable material has been gathered to support the contention of the authors. — /. A. W.
MEN OF TOMORROW
(Thoimas H. Johnson, editor. Putnams, New
York. 1942. 248 pages. $2.00.)
THE nine lectures in this volume were ad- dressed to students of Lawrenceville School in New Jersey, but they are among the best, most helpful, and stirring reading ofi^ered today to the American public, young or old. After a sound and correct considera- tion of Germany and America, 1492-1942, the lecturers devote themselves to the prob-
■ t%t
^Photograph by H. Armstrong Roberts
1. What was the language used on the Book of Mormon plates?
2. What was the sign in America of Christ's birth?
3. Lehi was a descendant of what tribe of Israel?
4. What was the desire of nine disciples?
5. What was the desire of the remaining three disciples?
6. What is the promise concerning the truthfulness of the Book of Mormon?
7. What is said of baptism of little chil- dren?
8. The Nephites were expert in the use of what "modern" building material?
9. What is said of chastity?
10. Who said: "For I know that the Lord giveth no commandments unto the children of men, save he shall prepare a way for them that they may accomplish the thing which he commandeth them"?
{Answers found on page 159)
lems of a democracy in the dawning tomor- row— statecraft under a written constitution, America's responsibility in world history, the role of prophetic religion in the world crisis, education in wartime, literature and the arts, science and youth, free press in wartime, and manners and civilization. The lecturers themselves would be a guarantee of the quality of the ideas presented: Her- bert Agar, Pearl S. Buck, John Erskine, Earnest A. Horton, Robert H. Jackson, Ar- thur Krock, Rheinhold Niebuhr, Samuel Eliot Morison, and James Phinney Baxter. The editor contributes an introduction on the lecture in education, and charming intro- ductory notes to the lectures. — /. A, W.
BABIES ARE FUN
(Jean Littlejohn Aaberg. Wm. Penn Pub- lishing Corp., New York. 1942. 128 pages. $1.00.)
"RTTosT young mothers enter their first ex- ■*•"■■■ perience in motherhood with much fear and uncertainty. The author of this chatty book makes it seem quite an ordinary and interesting experience that a normal woman should enjoy rather than fear — as indeed she should and will if she is healthy. The book is instructive and well written, as well as reassuring to the mother-to-be.
One wonders why it should be taken as a matter of course that the only way to feed a baby is with a formula, a set of bottles, and a sterilizer! Nature's way — which should be the only way — of feeding the newcomer seems to be ignored. Other than that the book should be helpful and enjoyable.
The illustrations are mirth-provoking, and fit well the informal style of the book, which purports to be the "Perfect Guide to Easy Motherhood." — L. D. W.
THE LIEUTENANT'S LADY
(Bess Streeter Aldrich, Appleton Century
Company, New York, 1942. 275 pages.
$2.00.)
' I 'o many of our readers, Bess Streeter Ald- -*- rich is synonymous with good story. Gleaner Girls of several years ago loved her novel, A Lantern in Her Hand, which was their reading course book. Wisely, Mrs. Aldrich has kept her material whole- some as well as stimulating.
In this, her most recent novel, she has used the real life diary of a young woman of seventy-five years ago as the basis of her story, departing from this diary to heighten the interest of the novel. Linnie Colforth is the heroine, and the hero is Lieutenant Nor- man Stafford. Although the story deals with an older period of American history, there is enough of pertinence for today's young people that they will desire to read it and will profit from that reading.
— M. C. /.
TREASURY OF THE FAMILIAR (Edited by Ralph L. Woods. Macmillan Company, New York. 1942. 751 pages. $5.00.)
THIS volume is an outgrowth of a hobby — a hobby of collecting any and all kinds of verse and prose that appealed to their collector, Ralph L. Woods. Conse- quently, as John Kieran, who wrote the Foreword, suggests, "When not in use, this volume should be kept in a cool, dry place, well away from draperies, loose pa- [Concluded on page 156)
15."^
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
On the Book Rack
{Conx:luded from page 155)
pers, and other inflammable material. It is apparent that the contents are an exciting mixture, possibly explosive."
The collection includes excerpts from the Bible, from Tom Paine and Ella Wheeler Wilcox, from George Washington and Aesop — all of them provocative of thought.
This is a book that will be found usable by speakers and invaluable to families who like to read something of value each day.
— M. C. /.
FRANCIS PARKMAN
(Mason Wade. Illustrated. Viking, New York. 466 pages. $4.50.)
* I 'HIS is good biography, for it recreates J- an era, the era into which this eminent historian was born, in which he was reared. As the reader progresses through the suc- ceeding chapters of the book, his admiration grows for this man who, born with New England exclusiveness, yet wrote with the inclusiveness of an American who had faith in the capabilities of the ordinary man.
The author has added to his reputation as a careful biographer in this latest of his biographies. — M. C, J.
JEFFERSON HIMSELF (Bernard Mayo. Houghton, Mifflin Com- pany, Boston. 1942. 384 pages. $4.00.)
WHEN all is said, the fairest way to judge a man is from his own statements. The author has done an exceptionally fine piece of definitive work in this, not so much biography as autobiography, of Thomas Jefferson. The author gives the summary of Jefferson's accomplishments and char- acteristics succinctly at the beginning of each section, and then quotes from Jeffer- son's speeches, letters, papers, the volume of which indicate the tirelessness of the man as well as his versatility. Moreover, they indicate first and last the concern he had with man's freedom and happiness.
This book should be on the required list of reading for all Americans. — M. C. /.
G. B. S. A LIFE PORTRAIT (Hesketh Pearson. Illustrated. Harper and Brothers, New York City. 390 pages. $3.00.)
"Cewer dynamic persons live than George ■''• Bernard Shaw, whose keen mind and sharp tongue have shaken his readers from their complacency. The entire book is most stimulating because it gives so much of Shaw. It is equally challenging in that it includes so many of the penetrating qual- ities that have made Shaw the respected person he is. This passage should appeal particularly to Latter-day Saints: "If some enterprising clergyman with a cure of souls in the slums were to hoist a board over his church door with the inscription, 'Here men and women after working hours may dance without getting drunk on Fridays; hear good music on Saturdays; pray on Sundays; discuss public affairs without mol- estation from the police on Mondays; have the building for any honest purpose they please — theatricals, if desired — on Tues- days; bring the children for games, amusing drill, and romps on Wednesdays; and vol- unteer for a thorough scrubbing down of the place on Thursdays' — well, it would be all very shocking, no doubt. . . ."
Shaw dares say what he believes — and while we may disagree at times with what he believes, we can never disagree with the courage which prompts his speaking.
— M. C. /.
156
A LATIN AMERICAN SPEAKS
(Luis Quintanilla. Macmillan Company,
New York. 1943. 268 pages. $2.50.)
DR. Quintanilla, former counselor of the Mexican Embassy in Washing- ton and Minister Plenipotentiary, who has only now been appointed Envoy Extraord- inary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Soviet Union, writes authoritatively and fearlessly about our common problems, our likenesses and our differences. Added to a keen intellect, a rare humor lends a piquancy to the vital material treated.
Dividing the book into three sections, "Intra- America," "Inter-America," "Extra- America," the author sets to work to ex- plode some of the fallacies which have per- sisted in the minds of both continents and to analyze situations which are vital to this western hemisphere. — M. C. J.
TABLE TENNIS
(Jay Purves. A. S. Barnes and Company,
New York. 1942. $1.00.)
TABLE Tennis is becoming increasingly popular and is an ideal game for home recreation. All members of the family can play and enjoy it, four at a time; father and daughter, mother and son, or brother and sister may meet on an even basis.
The game calls for activity and tech- nique. Equipment is relatively inexpensive and long lasting.
The book tells about the rules, the tech- niques, and the equipment needed. All but the balls can be homemade.
Clear illustrations help the beginner, or will aid in the improvement of the game for a more proficient player. — Leona Hoi- brook, professor of physical education lor women, B.Y.U.
The JOHN A. VIIDTSOEshdf
in your library shouU imlude:
Discourses of Brigham Young „_ $2.50
In Search of Truth - .50
Priesthood and Church Government 1.75
The Program of the Church , 1.50
Gospel Doctrine - - 2.50
(Expounded by President Joseph F. Smith, compiled by John A. Widtsoe.)
Rational Theology 1.00
The Word of Wisdom -.. 1.25
John A. Widtsoe and Leah D. Widtsoe In the Gospel Net 1.25
Seven Claims of the Book of Mormon .. 1.25
John A. Widtsoe and F. S. Harris, Jr.
DESERET BOOK COMPANY
44 East South Temple Street Salt Lake City, Utah
"THE BOOK CENTER OF THE WEST"
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Samoan Mission President Named
"pLDER John Q. Adams was sustained ■^' president of the Samoan Mission on January 16. He succeeds President Wilford W. Emery, who has presided in the mission since 1940.
This will be the third mission of President Adams to Samoa. He served there from 1904 to 1911 and then re- turned as mission president from 1919 to 1923. Illness will prevent Mrs. Adams from accompanying her husband to the island.
Elder James L. Lisonbee of Mesa, Arizona, has been appointed to accom- pany President Adams to Samoa as mis- sion secretary.
Tabernacle Broadcast Open to Service Men
■HThe Salt Lake Tabernacle is now open to service men and their wives each Sunday morning during the coast- to-coast CBS broadcast of the Taber- nacle choir and organ originating 10:30 to 11 :00 a.m. MWT from KSL. Men desiring to attend should present them- selves at the Bureau of Information by 10:15 Sunday morning and by 10:00, if accompanied by their wives.
Recent Portraits Hung In Salt Lake Temple
T EE Greene Richards has recently r^ completed oil portraits of Elder Harold B. Lee of the Council of the Twelve and of Joseph F. Smith, Patri- arch to the Church. The paintings hang in the council room of the Salt Lake Temple.
Relief Societies Prepare Dressings
"Delief Societies in the twelve stakes of the Salt Lake area are now aid- ing the American Red Cross in the preparation of surgical dressings.
Volunteers are also serving as recep- tionists during visiting hours at the L. D. S. Hospital and in doing sewing and mending for the hospital.
Iov7a Paper Features Mormon Migration
npHE magazine section of the Sioux City Journal of January 31, 1943, featured an article "The Coming of the Mormons to Niobrara, Nebraska," deal- ing with incidents of the Newel Knight emigrant train which wintered in Ne- braska in 18^6. The camp dug a wide ditch some three-quarters of a mile long, creating a mill race, the ground between this ditch and the channel of the Nio- brara River becoming an island. This island became the property of Niobrara city in 1889, and in 1930 Niobrara turned it over to the state of Nebraska for a state park. Elder Knight died there in 1847.
Top, left, Wilford W. Emery, released as president of the Sa- moan Mission, and right, John Q. Adams, who succeeds him
Left, Jay C. Jensen, president of the Jap- anese Mission at the time of his death
■^nt jiZ^'i.i J^^ -..J.. — h fiBHB
Japanese Mission President Passes
JAY C. Jensen, president of the Jap- anese Mission since July, 1940, died in Salt Lake City, January 31, 1943. He was fifty-four years of age. Ac- companied by Sister Jensen he had re- turned from the Hawaiian Islands, headquarters of the mission, a month and a half ago for hospitalization.
He filled a five-year mission to Japan from 1908 to 1913, traveling around the world on his return.
Prior to his appointment as president of the Japanese Mission he served as ward clerk and first counselor in the Highland Park Ward, Highland Stake, bishopric.
During President Jensen's illness and until a successor is appointed, Edward L. Clissold, first counselor in the Oahu Stake presidency, is in charge of the mission.
San Luis Elders Present Program in Spanish
"Cor the past six months and at regular intervals during past years the mis- sionaries of the San Luis District of the Spanish-American Mission have pre- sented the gospel in Spanish over sta- tion KGIW. It is estimated that this program is heard by approximately twenty-five thousand Mexican people in that area. It is one of the two Span- ish programs that is presented by the radio station.
Independent Branch
Name Changed
"D M. I. Branch, Moapa Stake, is now
■^* known as the Basic Branch.
Church Prepares Special Helps for Service Men
"Decent notable contributions of the Church to the welfare of its mem- bers serving in the armed forces are the preparation and free distribution of a pocket edition of the Book of Mormon with a supplementary handbook setting forth principles of the gospel and, in separate binding, a directory contain- ing addresses of Latter-day Saint head- quarters and meeting places adjacent to camps in the tinited States and abroad wherever U. S. forces are stationed. Both booklets went to press early in February.
Bishops, Presiding Elders Sustained
AMERICAN Fork Third Ward, Alpine Stake, Walter B. Devey succeeds Frank G. Shelley.
Montello Branch, Humboldt Stake, Noble Revier Palmer succeeds DeOnge W. Tan- ner.
Park View Ward, Long Beach Stake, Ross T. Hyer succeeds Morton T. Thei- baud.
Hollywood Ward, Los Angeles Stake, John Russon succeeds Raymond L. Kirkham.
Green River Ward, Lyman Stake, John W. Taylor, succeeds Albert C. Reinsch.
Rupert Second Ward, Minidoka Stake, A. Lionel May succeeds Charles N. Camp- bell.
Emerson Ward, Minidoka Stake, Lenz Hunt succeeds J. Melvin Toone.
Kuna Ward, Nampa Stake, U. Glen New- by succeeds Henry P. Kloepfer.
Melba Ward, Nampa Stake, Alfred Zeyer succeeds Albert A. Wilde.
West Weber Ward, North Weber Stake, C. Milton Farr succeeds George A. Heslop.
Parowan East Ward, Parowan Stake, Jesse Walter Guyman succeeds Will L. Adams.
Joseph City Ward, Snowflake Stake, Earl B. Westover succeeds Earland A. Pet- erson.
Wanship Ward, Summit Stake, Alma Pace succeeds A. Eugene Pace.
Woodland Ward, South Summit Stake, Leland Potts succeeds Leslie E. Moon.
St Anthony First Ward, Yellowstone Stake, Thomas M. Bassett succeeds George A. Browning.
Farnum Ward, Yellowstone Stake, Her- bert L. Benson succeeds Lester C. Hendrick- son.
Lifeboats Equipped With New Testaments
npHE American Bible Society has an- nounced that the War Shipping Administration has given orders to com- panies operating vessels under its con- trol to obtain from the society free New Testaments for rafts and lifeboats.
In making the announcement the so- ciety said it expected approximately 20,000 New Testaments to be distrib- uted.
{Continued on page 158)
157
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
{Continued from page 157)
Japanese Mission Youth Conierence
By Jay P. Merkley
A TWO-DAY youth conference attend- "^ ed by over one hundred delegates" from the various branches in Honolulu and representatives from the outside islands was conducted November 28 and 29, 1942, by the Japanese Mission in the Oahu Stake tabernacle to con- sider vital current problems. A lecture on "Moral and Mental Cleanliness," by Sister Phyllis Burnett, a nurse, address- ing the girls, and Eldon P. Morrell of the Oahu Stake high council addressing the boys opened proceedings, followed by a matinee social (blackout makes evening gatherings impossible ) .
The delegates were divided into four groups Sunday morning, each group with a discussion leader. For thirty minutes each leader conducted discus- sion on the subject for which he was prepared and at the end of the period moved on to a new group to present his subject. Edward L. Clissold of the Oahu Stake presidency led discussion on "Defense (work and enlistment) vs. Education"; Elwood Christensen of the high council, led "Money and Youth"; Elmer Jenkins also of the high council led discussion on "Vocational Selection and Planning for the Future"; and Sister Hattie Foster, a teacher at Roosevelt High School in Honolulu conducted "Science vs. Religion."
Following the first hour of discussion group meetings, delegates and visitors met together in an assembly program. Speakers for the session included Wil- liam Waddoups, one-time president of the Hawaiian Mission; Sister Eva B. Jensen, mission mother; and others. President Jay C. Jensen (since de- ceased) was ill and was unable to at- tend the conference. Discussion groups were concluded in the afternoon.
The final meeting of the conference was an assembly program furnished by the Japanese Mission choir under the direction of Brother Allan Ebesu. The choir of sixty-five voices presented a program after the pattern of Tabernacle Choir broadcasts, with anthems, hymns, and sermonettes. This program was so impressive that many who heard it have suggested that this type of musical program become a regular part of music projects throughout the mission. The accomplished choir is made up entirely of young people, aided by a few mis- sionaries.
MISSIONARIES LEAVING THE MISSIONARY HOME JANUARY 16, 1943, FOR THE FIELD
Front row, left to right: Emii L. Child, Warren S. Noelte, Don B. Colton, Mission Home president, William Thornton, and Stanley W. Bawden.
Back row: Orange F. Peel, Reed G. Romney, Reuben A. Saunders, Joseph U. Jolley, and William E. Berrett, Instructor.
Missionaries Released in January, 1943, and Others Not Previously Reported
Brazilian: C. Charles Bell, Ogden; Alma Edmund Kruger, Salt Lake City; Floyd D. Bradshaw, Hurricane, Utah; George G. Doyle III, Central, Arizona; John Roy Koch, Salt Lake City; Harmon Earnest Farr, San Diego; Melvin LeRoy Tucker, Burley, Ida- ho; David H. Plewe, Salt Lake City.
California: Nephi George, Salt Lake City; Annis Emelia Olsen, Beazer, Alberta, Canada; George Arnold Hansen, Rexburg.
Canadian: Keith W. Merrill, San Fran- cisco; Claude H. Stanford, Stavely, Alberta, Canada; Marc Harvey Sessions, Los Angeles; Loyd M. Sleight, Georgetown, Idaho; Sterling Durrant, Provo.
Central States: Carl Ronald W. Hutchi- son, Wellsville, Utah; William Junius Jack- son, Provo; Melvin Pace Leavitt, Gunlock, Utah; William C. Holmes, Ogden; Vinone Sutcliffe, Inglewood, California; Royal Har- old Morris, Rosette, Utah; Ronald Lewis Bird, Idaho Falls; Fred E. Heaton, Mocca- sin, Arizona; Mack Lional Hoyt, Orderville, Utah; David Arthur Eldredge, Salt Lake City.
East Central: Albert LeRoy Egbert, Jr., Murtaugh, Idaho; Eldon M. Magnusson, Mesa; Francis W. Miller, Mesa; Miland George Draper, Clearfield, Utah; Ralph Calvin Memmott, Scipio, Utah; Welby W. Ricks, Huntington Park, California; Robert Hugh Graham, Salt Lake City.
Eastern: Ralph V. Nay lor, Safford, Arizona; Gordon L. Wright, Pleasant Grove, Utah; Daniel P. Woodland, Logan; Lorna Jenkins, Bancroft, Idaho; Lester Wood Martin, Provo.
Hawaiian: Earl Ladru Smith, Snow- flake, Arizona; Wayne Muir Winegar, Woods Cross, Utah.
North Central: Jolayne Evangeline Price, Picture Butte, Alberta, Canada; Arnold P. Maughan, Wellsville, Utah; Edward Grant
THE SIXTY-FIVE YOUTHFUL VOICES OF THE JAPANESE MISSION CHOIR WHICH PRESENTED THE CONCLUDING PROGRAM AT THE RECENT YOUTH CONFERENCE HELD IN HONOLULU
Moody, Ashurst, Arizona; Verl Anderson Despain, Axtell, Utah; James Vernile Terry, Salt Lake City.
Northern: Gerald Irwin Alley, Lake- town, Utah; Lewis T. Bassett, Emmett, Idaho; Shirrel H. Jensen, Salt Lake City; George Verl Henrie, Snowville, Utah; Clive L. Bradford, Salt Lake City; Virginia Stewart, Spanish Fork, Utah; Merle C. Christiansen, American Fork, Utah; Carl Demar Mecham, Moab, Utah; Valene Elizabeth Brown, Fairview, Wyoming.
Northern California: Joseph Morrill Ip- son, Junction, Utah; Herman W. Jepsen, Preston, Idaho; John Keith Kissell, Price, Utah; Leon B. Black, Blanding, Utah; Lars G. Crandall, Provo; Roland N. Wille, Chicago.
Northwestern: Aquila C. Nebeker, Jr., Prescott, Arizona; Lloyd Woodrow Jensen (deceased), Smithfield, Utah.
Southern: Rex Dudley Cook, Garden City, Utah; Dean Royal Muir, Rexburg, Idaho; Walter M. Anglesey, Rigby, Idaho; Mary Areola Larsen, Thayne, Wyoming; Reynold W. Bateman, Etna, Wyoming; William H. Colder, Salt Lake City.
Spanish American: Mont M. Warner, Kelso, California.
Texas: Lee Taylor Jarvis, Salt Lake City; Harold J. Hafen, St. George; John R. Groberg, Ogden.
Western: Joel Gold, Salt Lake City; Sherman B. Smith, Carey, Idaho; Gaylord B. Whitney, Parowan, Utah; Verl W. Simpson, Carey, Idaho; Peter Orville Allen, Nampa, Idaho.
Springfield, Missouri. Chapel
'T'he Springfield, Missouri, Branch calls the attention of men in the service stationed in the area to M. I. A. and Church activities conducted in the branch chapel at 2054 North Missouri Ave., Springfield.
Branches Transferred To Mission
'T'he Burdett Independent Branch and its dependent branch at Medicine Hat, and the Edmonton Branch have been transferred to the Western Can- adian Mission from the Lethbridge Stake.
Typewriters Go to War
"CoRTY-THREE typewriters, twenty- three from the L. D. S. Business College, Salt Lake City, and twenty froni the Brigham Young University, Provo, have been turned over to the government in keeping with the War Production Board order that late model typewriters be converted to war work.
158
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
Excommunications
AFTON Williams Johnson, born June 6, 1913. Excommunicated February 11, 1942 in Pocatello Fifth Ward, Pocatello Stake.
Ruth Massey, bom September 2, 1901. Excommunicated December 28, 1942, in Hollywood Ward, Los Angeles Stake.
John William Shurrum, born July 12, 1887. Excommunicated in Buhl Ward, Twin Falls Stake, December 21. 1942.
Hannah Wilson Shurrum, born Novem- ber 6, 1885. Excommunicated in Buhl Ward, Twin Falls Stake, December 21, 1942.
Jacob Cornelius Vandervis, born June 18, 1876. Excommunicated October 12, 1942, in Second Ward, Liberty Stake.
Wentelina Vandervis, bom April 17, 1872. Excommunicated September 29, 1942, in Second Ward, Liberty Stake.
Nine Chapels Dedicated in South
"^INE chapels were dedicated in the •^ ^ Southern States mission during the year 1942. Branches in which chapels were dedicated are: Waycross, Georgia; Cross City, Florida; Wescon- nett, Florida; Ridgway, South Caro- lina; McNeill, Mississippi; Jackson, Mississippi; McCalla, Alabama; and Red Level, Alabama.
Buildings Dedicated
HThe Matthew Ward chapel of the •^ South ILos Angeles Stake was dedi- cated February 7, by Elder Charles A. Callis of the Council of the Twelve.
The Burley First Ward chapel of the Burley Stake was dedicated Feb- ruary 7, by Elder Alma Sonne, assistant to the Council of the Twelve.
The Garvanza Ward of the San Fer- nando Stake was dedicated January 1 7, by Elder George Albert Smith of the Council of the Twelve.
Those Who Have Passed Away
"jVJiLTON Woodruff Snow, seventy- four, a curator at the Bureau of Information, died January 24, in Salt Lake City. His lifetime of Church ac- tivity included a mission to Great Brit- ain from 1902 to 1904. He was the son of Lorenzo Snow and a grandson of Wilford Woodruff, former presi- dents of the Church.
Mrs. Phoebe A. Richards Peart, ninety-one, sister of Elder George F. Richards of the Council of the Twelve, died January 15. She was one of the first women medical practitioners in the West. She had spent twenty years officiating in the Salt Lake Tem- ple.
James W. Paxman, eighty-one, patri- arch of the Highland Stake, and former president of the Juab Stake, died Janu- ary 10, in Salt Lake City.
Olean Alder Jensen, for the past fourteen years bishop of the Glendale Ward, Oneida Stake, died December 26.
Philip Harrison Hurst, bishop of the La Cienega Ward, Inglewood Stake, died December 27.
The Great Untouchable
From The Christian-Evangelist, July 16. 1942
It's strange that though the ex- ■^ ecutivc of our government has claimed that liquor, which serves only a part of the population, cannot be prohibited or even ef- fectively controlled, yet that same executive, by act of Congress, can exercise minute and drastic regulation and prohibition over articles of use and foods which are universal in demand and al- most necessities. We loyally accept every restriction, but we ask why is liquor admitted to be beyond control — The Great Un- touchable?
What is liquor doing to help win the war that it should be treated as sacrosanct in a day of sacrifice and self-denial?
Who knows the answer?
SPIRITUAL FAITH
By D. Constance Fallon
A WELL-KNOWN psychiatrist and neu- ■^ rologist once said that people who had a deep spiritual philosophy and faith in the goodness of a Supreme Power, rarely found their way into his office as patients. He discovered that practically all of his patients who were suffering from nervous or psychic dis- orders were people of little faith — ag- nostics, atheists, or people whose re- ligion was of the passive variety. Many of his patients were brilliant, well- educated people, but in practically no case did he find that any of them had any very deep spiritual convictions. The doctor therefore drew the conclu- sion that a vital, living faith in a Di- vine Power higher than ourselves is a strong protection against the anxieties and mental fears that beset our troubled times.
Church Conducts Orientation Service
'T'o acquaint members of the armed forces and those in defense who are newcomers to the Salt Lake area with the history and doctrines of Mormon- ism, the Church is conducting special services each Sunday afternoon in Bar- ratt Hall, 70 North Main Street, to which the public is invited. Services are under the direction of Elders John A. Widtsoe and Harold B. Lee of the Council of the Twelve, and Alma Son- ne, assistant to the Council. The one- hour meetings begin at two o'clock.
General Church Music Committee Reorganized
VSTiTH the death of George D. Pyper, "^ the following reorganization has been effected in the general music com- mittee of the Church:
LeRoy J. Robertson of Provo, form- erly second assistant, has been sus- tained as first assistant, succeeding El- der Pyper, who was first assistant and treasurer.
J. Spencer Cornwall, director of the Tabernacle Choir, becomes second as- sistant and treasurer. Chairman of the committee, whose membership has not been otherwise affected, is Tracy Y. Cannon, director of the McCune School of Music arid Art.
BOOK OF MORMON QUIZ
{Answers to Questions found on page 155)
1. Reformed Egyptian (Mormon 9:32)
2. Day and night seemed as one day (3 Nephi 1:15)
3. Manasseh (Alma 10:3)
4. "After we have lived . . . that we may speedily come unto thee in thy kingdom." (3 Nephi 28:2)
5. Never to taste of death; but to live to behold the work of the Father until all things be fulfilled. (3 Nephi 28:7)
6. "Ask God, the Eternal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true; and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the power of the Holy Ghost." (Moroni 10:4)
7. "Little children need no repentance, neither baptism." (Moroni 8:11)
8. Cement (Helaman 3:7-11)
9. Lord delights in chastity (Jacob 2: 28) ; precious above all things (Moroni 9:9)
10. Nephi (1 Nephi 3:7)
Stake Presidency Changes
President Hyrum T, Moss and coun- selors Omer S. Cordon and Pleas- ant W. DaBell of the Rigby Stake have been released. George Christen- sen has been sustained as president with James E. Ririe as first and Leo- nard E. Graham as second counselor. Grant L. Foote has been released as second counselor in the Moon Lake Stake.
Ward, Branches Discontinued
r^IAMONDVILLE WaRD, Woodruff
Stake, has been discontinued. Bish- op Jesse Y. Peterson has been released, and tbe ward's membership has been transferred to Kemmerer W^ard.
Gannett Branch, Blaine Stake, has been discontinued, the records being transferred to the Hfailey Branch. President William H. Stanfield has been released.
Sun Valley Branch, Blaine Stake, has been discontinued; President Al- bert S. Aland has been released, and the branch records have been stored.
Church Aids in Arizona Desert Reclamation
"\Tl 7iTH the procurement of aid from the ^^ Department of Indian Service, Bishop tieber C. Hicks, Phoenix, has been largely responsible for the reclama- tion of thousands of acres of barren desert land in Arizona.
Bishop Hicks was called by the Church seven years ago to help the Pima and Papagos Indian tribes re- claim their land and to do missionary work among them.
159
£jcUjboiiaL
r^UR world entered upon a new day when it be- came possible for the great truths of the uni- verse and the lofty thoughts of men not only to be written laboriously for the eyes of the few, but also to be spread in print across the face of the earth, so that the thoughts of all who choose to write could be known by all who choose to read — and so the Bible, inspired by the living God, and the great works of science, philosophy, and literature, found their way into the hands of the many instead of just into the hands of the few. Thus printing, the art of preserving for the present and for the future the thoughts of the present and of the past, became the common medium of exchange among all enlightened peoples.
But along with the printing and circulation of good ideas, of course, there has also been the print- ing and circulation of bad ideas. Some of the things we see in print cause us to give thanks for the glory of God and the intelligence of man, and some of the things we see in print make us ashamed — ashamed of our own kind. Filth has been cir- culated in the name of realism. Vicious suggestion has been circulated in the name of liberalism. Too many have found it profitable to peddle pulp that has excited the imagination and poisoned the minds of our youth — to popularize a type of literature which is called "frank," but which is really rotten, which is called "realistic" but which is really im- moral backwash. And if we must face curtailment in the use of paper, which we now do, it would seem that here would be a good place to start^ — curtailment in its use for those purposes which offend decent minds and which poison the think- ing of the highly impressionable.
Of course, there is freedom to be considered, freedom in literature as well as in all other things; but freedom will not long remain where decency has departed, and certainly much of the trash that is purveyed, much of the printed filth by which our youth are victimized, is recognized and condemned by all thoughtful men as a prostitution of literary freedom.
As we judge the past largely by the tangible record it has left, so may future generations judge us, of our day, by the testimony we leave in print — and may the Lord God help us to surmount the shame we must certainly feel when some of our print comes to the light of future times, for, as spoken by the prophet — "our words will condemn us; . . . and our thoughts will also condemn us ..." (Book of Mormon, Alma 12:14). We shall see a better world and a safer generation when our youth, and all of us, are freed from the influence of filth in print — when we have undergone a liter- ary housecleaning wherever it is needed. — /?. L. E.
\rt
'T'here is an overworked phrase that has fluently fallen from the lips of many speakers and flowed from the pens of many writers these last several months, which is almost certainly referred to during the course of almost every public speech that is currently delivered. It is that phrase which reminds us that, "We must not only win the war, but we must also win the peace." But regardless of its loose and repetitious use, fundamentally be- hind this stock phrase is a basic idea that deserves comment. It raises the question: "What does it mean to win a war?" And also' the question: "What does it mean to win the peace?"
There are those in the world, now known to be mistaken, who have hopefully supposed that the winning of a war is the result solely of having a superior physical force and pursuing that advan- tage quickly and decisively until the enemy no longer has any means of effective physical resist- ance, and so must accept whatever terms he can get. Certainly physical conquest is a highly im- portant factor in the winning of any war. But it isn't the only factor, and it does not take into ac- count the fact that a man may be physically con- quered and still be strong — strong morally and spiritually — strong in his tenacity for ideals and principles — for righteousness, and justice, and vengeance — strong in his conviction that he who lives by the sword will die by the sword, and that there must be a day of turning.
To win a war in a real and permanent sense, means, therefore, not only might of arms, not only the will to victory, but also a righteous cause, and a high moral standard. All history, current and past, has proved that morally dissolute armies, and arm.ies fighting for unrighteous causes, cannot long enjoy the fruits of victory, even though they may, for the moment, walk over their victims. There comes to mind this utterance of Jesus the Christ: "For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" (Matthew 16:26). To' paraphrase: What is a nation profited, if it shall gain the whole world and lose its own soul? What would it profit a nation if it should give its all for the winning of a war and then should find no peace?
There are many nations, from remote times until now, that have had opportunity to discover the tragic answer. And lest there be any man or any nation so deceived as to suppose that peace can be won regardless of the righteousness of the cause or regardless of the ideals of the people there should be quoted these words of Isaiah: "There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked." (Isaiah 57: 21 ). Though armed conflict v^ere to cease, though the thunder of cannon, and the sound of marching feet were heard no more, yet no man and no people would long enjoy the fruits of peace, except on the basis of personal and national righteousness, and continuing conduct in accordance with those prin- ciples on which righteousness is based. That is what it means to win the peace. — /?. L. E.
160
%
Evidences and reconciliations
PjicudioL (plwic(L WjDihhijDucfSL in. ^wiIwl (bai}A,7
Dlural marriage was practiced by between two
and four percent of the Church membership from 1843 to 1890 (according to the Utah Commis- sion appointed by Congress ) . In the latter year the Supreme Court of the United States aflfirmed the constitutionality of the congressional laws against the practice. Obedience to constitutional law is a fundamental tenet of the Church ( D. 6 C. 98 : 5, 6 ) . Therefore, after Wilford Woodruff had sought guidance from the Lord, the Church suspended the practice. However, it had been declared, long be- fore, that the Church would cease the practice if constitutional laws against it were enacted. For example, "Would it be right for the Latter-day Saints to marry a plurality of wives in any of the states and territories, or nations, where such prac- tices are prohibited by the laws of man? We an- swer 'No, it would not be right'; for we are com- manded to be subject to the powers that be . . . unless their laws are unrighteous." (Orson Pratt, The Seer, p. Ill, June, 1 853. ) Today any Church member who enters into plural marriage or who teaches its propriety in these days is promptly ex- communicated.
Plural marriage has been a subject of wide and frequent comment. Members of the Church un- familiar with its history, and many non-members, have set up fallacious reasons for the origin of this system of marriage among the Latter-day Saints.
The most common of these conjectures is that the Church, through plural marriage, sought to provide husbands for its large surplus of female members. The implied assumption in this theory, that there have been more female than male members in the Church, is not supported by existing evidence. On the contrary, there seem always to have been more males than females in the Church. Families — father, mother, and children — have most com- monly joined the Church. Of course, many single women have become converts, but also many single men.
The United States census records from 1850 to 1940, and all available Church records, uniformly show a preponderance ol males in Utah, and in the Church. Indeed, the excess in Utah has usually been larger than for the whole United States, as would be expected in a pioneer state. The births within the Church obey the usual population law — a slight excess of males. Orson Pratt, writing in 1853 from direct knowledge of Utah conditions, when the excess of females was supposedly the highest, declares against the opinion that females outnumbered the males in Utah ( The Seer, p. 110). The theory that plural marriage was a consequence of a surplus of female Church members fails from lack of evidence.
Another theory holds that plural marriage re- sulted from the licentiousness ol the Church lead- ers. This is refuted by the evidence at hand. The founders and early leaders of the Church were reared under the strictly monogamic system of New England. Plural marriage seemed to them an unholy and repellent practice. Joseph Smith has told that he hesitated to enter the system until he was warned of his destruction if he did not obey {Historical Record 5:222). Brigham Young said that he felt, when the doctrine was revealed to him, that he would rather die than take plural wives ( Life Story of Brigham Young, Gates and Widt- soe, p. 242). Others of the early Church leaders to whom the principle was first taught have related their feeling of resistance to the practice. Un- doubtedly the women felt much the same about the practice. However, numerous plural wives have testified to the high moral tone of their rela- tionship with their husbands. Not only was every , wife equal in property rights, but also treated w^ith equal deference, and all children were educated and recognized equally. Mormon plural marriage bore no semblance to the lewd life of the man to whom woman is but a subject for his lusts. Women were not forced into plural marriage. They entered it voluntarily, with open eyes. The men and women, with very few exceptions, who lived in plural mar- riage, were clean and high-minded. Their de- scendants, tens of thousands of whom are living, worthy citizens of the land, are proud of their heritage. The story of the Latter-day Saints, fully available, when read by honest men and women, decries the theory that plural marriage was a pro- . duct of licentiousness or sensuality.
There is a friendlier, but equally untenable view relative to the origin of plural marriage. It is contended that on the frontier, where the Church spent its earlier years, men were often unlettered, rough in talk and walk, unattractive to refined women. Female converts to the Church, coming into the pioneer wilderness, dreaded the possible life-long association with such men and the rearing of their children under the example and influence of an uncouth father. They would much prefer to share a finer type of man with another woman. To permit this, it is suggested that plural marriage was instituted. The ready answer is that the great majority of men who joined the Church were superior, spiritually inclined seekers after truth and all the better things of life. Only such men would be led to investigate the restored gospel and to face the sacrifices that membership in the Church would require. Under such conditions, since, as has been stated, there was no surplus of women in Mormon pioneer communities, there was no need of mating with the rough element, which admittedly existed outside of the Church.
Another conjecture is that the people were few in number and that the Church, desiring greater numbers, permitted the practice so that a pheno- menal increase in population could be attained. This is not defensible, since there was no surplus of women.
The simple truth, and the only acceptable ex- planation, is that the principle of plural marriage came as a revelation from the Lord to the Prophet - {Concluded on page 191)
161
CONDUCTED BY MARBA C. JOSEPHSON
HAVE YOU SEEN BILL?
By Bert N. Whitney
UNDER this caption there appeared in "The Improvement Era" /or January 1943, p. 34, an account of what happens to the young defense worker away from home when [oik at Church fail to "give him a tumble." It was an indirect indictment of a neglect suspected to be too common. But here's the other side of the story — as an aircraft worker on the coast experienced it. May there be many repetitions of it! (Ed.)
DID you speak to him? Why, I should say so! You shook his hand and introduced yourself, and inquired of him where he came from and welcomed him to your ward. Before the meeting day was over he knew a great many of you.
Bill is a clean young man, eighteen years old, deeply religious.
After graduating from high school, Bill went to the coast and worked in an aircraft factory.
Bill has this story to tell of his re- ligious side of life during his stay away from home.
He started out the first Sunday to look for a Latter-day Saint Church. Al- though he was unsuccessful, he found the L. D. S. Welfare Store, which ad- dress he had obtained from the tele- phone directory. Even the sight of the store thrilled him. No one was there on Sunday, but during the week, he called the store and the willing lady who answered the phone directed him to a ward meetinghouse.
On arriving at Sunday School the very next Sunday an elderly lady met Bill at the door, and shook his hand. Things were "swell" from that time on. The building was poor but the spirit was grand.
Bill never missed church from that day on. He was invited to dinner sev- eral times by members of the ward. Some young people obtained Bill's ad- dress and on Saturday nights they called for him and took him to the stake dances.
Later a fine L. D. S. family invited Bill to stay at their home. He gained fine home training there and was well cared for.
In the meantime he was giving talks in Sunday School and church and was taking part on Mutual programs. Bill taught a Sunday School class quite fre- quently, too. A little later he was asked to serve in the presidency of the Young Men's Mutual. It was a great oppor- tunity, and he took it.
How was Bill entertained? He had more recreation than he knew what to
162
do with. Saturday night he attended the weekly stake dances, given for just such a purpose as they were serving for Bill. He went to splendid fireside chats every Sunday evening, and of course to Mutual on Tuesday. He didn't even have time to go to picture shows. The Church was furnishing all the recrea- tion he wanted and needed.
All this time Bill was growing spir- itually as well as improving his per- sonality and character. Don't think for a minute that Bill's success in his Church away from home was due to a shining personality. It wasn't. In fact, he was quite backward when he was around strangers. It was due to the spirit of the people that helped him, and that spirit is much the same throughout the Church.
Bill would not trade that year away from home for anything. He knew many other boys that were receiving the same blessings.
Bill wishes to thank those who are around these defense centers for the kindness they have shown to all the boys and girls who are away from their home doing their bit.
Payment for Handy Hints used will be one dollar upon publication. In the event that two with the same idea are submitted, the one postmarked earlier will receive the do'lar. None of the ideas can be returned, but each will receive careful consideration.
To save skimming jams and jellies add one teaspoon butter just before removing from heat.
If you wish to make chicken tender when baking it, rub inside and out with lemon juice. — Mrs. E. P., Grover, Wyo.
Now that so many of the shoes for chil- dren are being made of substitute materials, the soles and heels often make unsightly dark marks on linoleum and congoleum rugs which do not yield readily even to soap and water. Put a little furniture polish on a clean cloth and wipe the marks and they will disappear instantly, and the floor will look as nice as ever. — Mrs. A. R. T ., Mc- Gill, Nevada.
Use a thumb tack or piece of scotch tape and secure your recipe to the wall or cup- board door above your work table where it can be easily read and will not become soiled with your mixture of food. — Mrs. F. P., Salt Lake City.
To remove white marks and water stains from furniture rub briskly with a soft cloth saturated with spirits of camphor. — Mrs. H. W., Pleasant Grove, Utah.
Stitch the biases flattened on the inside seams of costume slips on both sides; that prevents tearing and ripping and they wear better and last longer. — Mrs. M. JS. F., Trenton, Utah.
CAREER WITH A FUTURE
By Mrs. E. G. Richards, R.N.
IN these times when jobs are crying for workers instead of workers pleading for jobs, it is not unusual for young women to put aside all thought of the future in the glow of present high salaries. Yet the future is not far away when the young woman who interrupted her education for a job that has no carry-over value will regret that she did not finish school.
She is not always to blame. Many
of the young women graduating from high school and college today remem- ber the depression years when the whole family had to sacrifice to keep them in school.
Then too, the young woman of today is confused about the future. The col- lege girl who looked forward to mar- riage after graduation has no assurance that her plans will mature. The maa she was to marry is fighting for his country and the college year that was to have been her most thrilling one lacks the one thing to make it so. It is not surprising, then, that she turns to industry with its financial rewards or to the service organizations with their patriotic appeal and attractive ad- vantages.
To prepare wisely for the future the wise, young woman will plan a career that will assure her earning power to support herself throughout her life.
The nursing profession is such a ca- reer. Never has our country had enough of the right kind of nurses. The- present shortage is great. The future supply will not begin to meet the de- mand unless thousands of women se- lect nursing as a career now.
Nurse training cannot offer the im- mediate glowing returns that industry does, but it offers the young womaa who chooses it the finest education for
the least outlay of money of any pro- fession open to women.
It has a patriotic appeal, for she be- gins serving her country as soon as she begins her service in the hospital ward. Making sick people well and keeping well ones in good health is the job of nurses on the home front and plays an important role in winning the war. As her knowledge increases she is able to take the place of the trained nurse who may have left for military duty. When the war is over, no group of professional women will be in so great demand as the registered nurses in our own country and in the countries we must help to rehabilitate.
If the nurse marries — and the mar- riage rate is high among nurses — she uses her knowledge daily in rearing her family. Most nurses continue in the profession after marriage, working part time, thus increasing the family income. Many nurses, having brought up their families, go back in the service holding responsible positions.
For the young woman who does not marry, nursing offers a choice of many branches of service with increasing financial returns. Broadly classified, these are institutional nursing, private duty nursing, public health nursing, and nursing education.
"Nursing is an art that concerns
every family in the world." Wherever
people are, nurses are needed — today
and tomorrow.
• ♦ ■
To Him Who Would Speak
{Concluded irom page 146) mark the date and replace them in their order in the card case.
With the material for speeches on hand, perhaps you'd like to become a speaker. Logically the first step is to go to the library and get a book on speech. Most speech books have chap- ters devoted to the physical make-up of of your voice. These make interesting reading.
Then get yourself a full-length mir- ror and practise. When you get to the point that you can address yourself without humiliation, try it on an audi- ence. Audiences are usually sympa- thetic. Learn to speak with your eyes -and gesture with your hands, bringing the gesture up from the shoulder. Ef- fective speech is not the intelligent pro- duction of clear tones alone — it is the coordination of every visible activity •of your body. Use conversational "tones. If your audience is small, speak a sentence or two directly to each in- •dividual. If you have a large audience making this impossible, try dividing your audience off into sections and pro- -•gressively speaking to someone in each .section. It will give your talk the per- sonal interest flavor and at the same time reduce your fear of crowds.
Yes, a cash outlay of not more than ■fifty cents, a budget of five minutes a day set aside for assembling material for future use, and adherence to a few simple rules in speech delivery will dnake your little talks events long to be remembered.
m
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y!^^^:^^' BUTTERHaRNS
Tantalizing, homemade butterhorns will delight your family at breakfast, or supper — or even as a bedtime snack. Anna Dart's recipe is very simple . . . and promises delicious results. Be sure to use Enriched Globe "Al" Flour every time. It's absolutely dependable^in fact, your complete satisfaction guaranteed or your money refunded.
*
■
BUTTERHORNS
■ ■ I ■ ■ I ■
I
pieces. Roll from ou until doubled; bake
4V2 e. (obouf) GLOBE "Al" 1/4 c. sugar
FLOUR 1 Vj tsp. salt
2 cakes compressed yeast 3 eggs
1 c. milk Vj £• melted butter or shortening
Dissolve yeast in milk, scalded and cooled to lukewarm. Add sugar, salt, melted butter or shortening and beaten eggs. Gradually add sifted flour {the new enriched Globe "Al") until dough is stiff enough to be kneaded smootli and elas- tic. Let rise until doubled. Divide into fourths. Roll each fourth into a round shape Vi in. thick. Spread with melted butter; cut into six or eight pie-shaped tside towards center. Butter tops; let rise in hot oven (425 deg.) about 20 minutes.
■ ■
e
a ■ B
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A-1 FOR EVERYTHING YOU BAKE!
163
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
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25 cents
By Josephine B. Nichols
Braised Stuffed Heart
1 beef heart or
2 veal hearts
salt and pepper
3 tablespoons fat
2 tablespoons chopped onion
3^ cup chopped celery
2 cups fine bread crumbs 3^3 cup hot water
1 bay leaf
1 cup hot water
Wash heart thoroughly in warm water. Remove all fibres and veins; make pocket for stuffing. Dry heart. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Lightly brown onion and celery in fat; add crumbs and seasonings; mix well. Add }/^ cup hot water. Stuff heart with this mixture; sew or skewer opening. Roll in flour. Brown on all sides in hot fat. Add one cup hot water, and bay leaf. Cover closely, and cook gently on top of range or in a slow oven (300° F.) until heart is tender, about three hours. Vegetables may be added last half hour to cook with heart.
South American Noodles
1 six-ounce package large noodles
1 pound ground beef
3 tablespoons fat
4 tablespoons flour
1 cup grated carrots
1 cup grated turnips 34 cup grated onion
2 teaspoons salt 34 teaspoon pepper
2 eighteen-ounce cans tomato juice 3/2 cup grated cheese
Cook noodles in boihng, salted water un- til tender. Drain. Brown ground beef in fat. Add flour, salt, and pepper. Mix. Add grated vegetables and mix well. Pour tomato juice over mixture; cover and simmer twenty minutes. Serve on hot noo- dles. Top with grated cheese.
Whole Wheat Raisin or Date Bread
1 2
Yi Yi Yi
cup sifted enriched white flour cup sifted whole wheat flour teaspoons baking powder cup sugar teaspoon salt
cup chopped dates or raisins cup chopped nuts (walnuts) cup evaporated milk cup water
1 egg
2 tablespoons melted fat
Sift flour; add baking powder, salt, and sugar. Add whole wheat flour, dates or raisins, and nuts. Mix well. Combine milk and eggs; add to dry ingredients. Add shortening, mixing only until all flour is dampened. Turn into well-greased loaf pan. Bake at (350° F.) for one hour. Makes one loaf.
Raised Orange Muffins
3Y cups sifted enriched white flour 13^ teaspoons salt
I cake compressed yeast Y cup lukewarm water
1 cup strained orange juice Y3 cup sugar
2 tablespoons orange rind
Y cup melted shortening
Sift flour; add salt. Dissolve yeast in lukewarm water. Combine orange juice, sugar, and rind. Add yeast mixture and mix thoroughly. Add dry ingredients and beat. Add shortening and mix well. Drop by spoonfuls into well-greased muffin pans. Cover and let rise in a warm place, until very light, about 23^ hours. Bake in hot oven (425° F.) twenty minutes. Serve hot. Makes lY dozen.
Sunshine Fruit Salad
1 package gelatin (pineapple flavor)
1 cup boiling water
1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon lemon juice
34 cup grapefruit juice
% cup cold water
Y cup grapefruit sections
Y cup orange sections
Dissolve gelatin in boiling water; add salt, fruit juices and cold water. Chill until mixture begins to thicken. Fold in grapefruit and orange. Pour into moulds and chill until firm. Serve on lettuce garn- ished with grapefruit sections and sHces of avocado. Serve mayonnaise.
?(£/uiL diow—
Would You Like a Free Victory Garden Booklet?
"Deading about Victory gardens (see •^ pages 135, 146, 169) has given you plenty of ideas about starting one of your own. But much as many of you would like them, not knowing how to make a successful one may deter you from starting. If you would like some really tested help, send to us for a copy of the 84-page booklet, "Have a Victory Garden," which will be sent to you through our offices. Simply ad- dress your request to The Improvement Era, 50 North Main, Salt Lake City, Utah, and be sure to give your full name and address for us to return the booklet to you.
Some Free Booklets on Baking Also Available
T_Tomes are coming into their own ■^ ^ again, and baking is going to be "looking up." Wouldn't you like to have some tried and true new recipes to give new interest to the breads and cakes you set on your table? Write to us, and we shall send out two new books, which will whet your interest in "the staff of life." Write for them by name, The Bread Basket, and Cook Book. Write your full name and address on the card or in the letter, and send to us. The Improvement Era, 50 North Main, Salt Lake City, Utah — and the books will be yours shortly.
Note: Send your requests for garden booklet on separate cards or on separate sheets of paper from your requests for bak'ng booklets.
164
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
STRANGE AWAKENING
(Concluded from page 149) off. I think I owe her that much."
Helen was silent. Their indiffer- ence hurt her. Their grandparents had been pioneers, had sacrificed everything for the gospel; and now, their descendants wouldn't go even a few blocks tO' church. She was afraid there were more like them — too many. If she could only shake them out of their indifference, awak- en them to what they were missing.
1 HEY were half-way home when Helen said, "Girls, you know Mrs. Prouse, Hannah Prouse? Of course you do; her little girl Ann used to be in the same room with Marilyn and John at school. Ann has a rheumatic heart and has been confined to her bed for about six months. I bought her a paint book and crayons while I was downtown today. I thought maybe it would cheer her up and help pass the time. Come in with me while I leave it, won't you? It will only take a min- ute."
Inside the neat little home every- thing was clean and inviting, but the air w^as tense. Mrs. Prouse was visibly worried, her face marked with anxiety.
"We can't stay long — just stopped in to inquire about Ann and leave this little remembrance," said Helen cheerily as she placed the package on a small table near by.
"What's the matter, Mrs. Prouse?" inquired Marge. "You look so worried — is Ann "worse?"
"No, it's not Ann. It's — my hus- band— haven't you heard? Every- body else has!" She dropped her head in shame and swallowed hard to remove the lump in her throat. "He has been arrested!"
"Arrested?"
"Yes, you see, he is an 'alien.' He neglected to get his citizenship pa- pers; oh, he intended to, but he kept putting it off. For a while he worked late at night. and couldn't go to school. He could have studied at home and prepared for the examina- tion, but he didn't. There was no excuse, he just kept delaying. Ever since he came to America, he con- sidered himself a citizen — he often said he was a better citizen than some that were born here. And he is a good man, ho-nest and true to this country."
"Sometimes, we don't look ahead," said Helen softly. "W^e can't see what the future will bring."
"It costs $7.50 to register and get your papers," said Mrs. Prouse,
"and you know how we all are about money. We have a dozen places for it, if the matter isn't urgent — and it didn't seem urgent. But look what this waiting, and good inten- tions, have cost us! " Here she broke into sobs.
Helen rose, crossed the room and put her arm tenderly around the woman's shoulder to comfort her.
"Don't cry. I won't believe it's as bad as you think. You're weary from waiting on Ann, and naturally this is upsetting to you, but I'm sure they'll let him go in a day or two. The government is just being cautious."
"No, they'll probably send him to the Dakotas; that's where they are sending them all. It may be years before we see each other again!" She twisted her handkerchief nerv- ously, which was now wet with tears that had left her eyes red and smarting.
"He'll lose his job, and it's the best one he ever had. No doubt we'll lose our home — we've worked so hard and saved for it, and it means so much to us," she pleaded. "The children will be shunned," she said shaking her head sadly. "We'll be put on relief — I never wanted char- ity! What a price neglect demands and fools must pay!" she sobbed, as she covered her face with her hands.
As they started for home. Marge and Nancy looked at each other questioningly. Did this sad phght of Mrs. Prouse have something to do with them? How colorless, com- pared with this, did their shopping excursion of the morning seem now. New hats — a lift? Here was a lift of the kind they really needed. Here was something maybe they could do. Already blood was tingling — and with a single thought.
As they parted at Helen's home, Nancy said, "Helen, give me a ring when you're ready to go to Relief Society Tuesday. I want to go with you."
"And — how'd you like to call for
me
?"
sai
d M
arge.
Patriotic Suggestion
No Traveling As Usual Cpring wanderlust is apt to aggravate the traveling situation. Unless we will take to the idea of staying put, the government will have to step in and take a firm stand in the matter of bus and train tickets. Picnics in the back- yard may not provide a change of scen- ery, but they do save railroad fare, and keep the family car in shape for more important business.
EASY TO 'TAKE ■. . QUICK TO MAKE
2 eggs - VA cops sugar
2 teaspoons Mapieine
I cop f)our, sifteti
'4 cup rolled oats
7 cup raisins - '/a teaspoon salt
1 cup chopped walnuts BEAT eggs. While still beating add the sugar and Mapieine. Combine remaining ingredients, odd to egg mixture. Beat well. Drop by teaspoonfuls onto a paper lined cookie sheet. Use wrapping paper and do not grease. Bake 8 tol 0 minutes in moderately hot (400''F,) oven. Cool slightly, turn paper and cookies over, wipe paper with damp cloth. Makes 30 cookies.
CHEER your boy at camp! These de- licious "Rookie Cookies," flavored with Mapieine, will pack well and keep -until he gets them! Then they'll vanish! Mapieine "makes" these cookies, flavors other treats, too. Seasons main dishes, flavors delicious syrup in 60 seconds. Get a bottle of Mapieine from your grocer today.
i K 1 1 ! New Mapieine cook book, plus enough Mapieine to flavor 2 pints syrup! Crescent Mfg. Company, 678 Dearborn Street, Seattle, Wash.
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165
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
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Beyond the dollars gained from direct fuel savings, an insulated house pays many indirect profits in com- fort, convenience and better living. In winter, fewer firings are required; house stays warm through the night. In summer, cooler rooms.
ZONOLITE is a feather-light all-mineral product with extremely high insulating properties. In either new or old houses it is simple and easy to install. Anybody can pour this clean, harmless material into place — under attic floors, or into wall spaces. Zonolite is fire-proof, vermin-proof; never rots.
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ARE ANSWERED IN
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by PRESIDENT HEBER J. GRANT
— contains essential messages to this generation — also fifty favorite stories
400 pages
$2.25
An Improvement Era publication
■~ — ■-'■'----"--
ZSSST
Lef's Grow a Victory Garden
[Concluded /rem page 135)
Calla lilies 15
Irises 12
Gladioli 100
Chickens 40
Ducks 1
A natural spring with 50 goldfish
We bought $8.45 worth of seeds,
and this was the 1942 harvest from the
little more than one-third of an acre:
|
Asparagus |
30 lbs. |
|
Rhubarb |
10 lbs. |
|
Radishes |
16 bunches |
|
Beets |
5 bushels |
|
Carrots |
15 bushels |
|
Onions |
1 bushel |
|
Stringbeans |
16 lbs. |
|
Potatoes |
21 bushels |
|
Corn |
25 dozen |
|
Cucumbers |
25 dozen |
|
Lettuce for all summer |
|
|
Cantaloupes |
30 |
|
Peas |
10 lbs. |
|
Dry beans |
15 lbs. |
|
Squash |
36 |
|
Spinach |
10 lbs. |
|
Tomatoes |
16 bushels |
|
Peppers |
35 |
|
Peonies, approximately 400 dozen |
|
|
Currants |
30 lbs. |
|
Gooseberries |
15 lbs. |
|
Cabbage |
33 head |
|
Raspberries |
10 cups |
|
Peaches |
5 bushels |
|
Apricots |
2 bushels |
|
Walnuts |
4 nuts |
|
Eggs |
350 dozen |
|
Behold, I have given you every herb |
|
|
bearing seed, which |
is upon the face of |
|
all the earth, and |
every tree, in the |
|
which is the fruit o[ < |
3 tree yielding seed; |
|
to you it shall be for |
meat. — Genesis 1 : |
|
29. »-^ |
To the Editors of Collier's
( Concluded from page 1 36 ) porting the real substance of these inter- views as they had a right to expect from an accredited representative of one of the nation's largest and most influ- ential magazines.
Much more could be criticized in Mr. English's article, but the chief criticism of practically all Salt Lakers with whom I have discussed this matter is that it is cynical, insinuating, insincere, mislead- ing, and not worthy of a publication like Collier's.
Just one more point — the purported remark of the "Private from Flatbush" whom Mr. English supposedly "last saw" at the Playdium wherein Mr. Flat- bush (the private with the ulcers) moaned, "More pretty dolls than Coney Island even. But do they make with any sense? All the time they're calling me a Gentile yet!" is an old and worn-out saw ... an interview that most likely did not occur except in the imagination of Mr. English.
Sure, Collier's sold a few extra copies of their December 12th issue by this article . . . but they didn't make friends in Salt Lake City.
166
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
SAM BRANNAN
{Continued /rom page 151) brought only the vanguard as far as the eastern banks of the Missouri River. From there back to Illinois the Saints were strung by thousands along rutty wagon trails and temporary camps. President Young already faced the grim necessity of wintering his fam- ished, ill-clad hosts of Israel in as for- bidding a wilderness as ever greeted the brawn and temper of man. Now came this call for the best of his sorely needed menfolk. No wonder the matter was pondered tearfully and prayerfully.
After their conference with Allen, President Young and the council con- cluded wisdom lay in acceding to the call, no matter what sacrifice might be entailed. Accordingly, a meeting was called at Council Bluffs to lay the mat- ter before the people. After Captain Allen had suitably addressed the Saints regarding the momentous undertaking, President Young spiritedly urged the Saints to enlist. In his manuscript his- tory, he explains it thus:
I addressed the assembly; wished them to make a distinction between this action of the general government and our former oppressions in Missouri and Illinois. I said, the question might be asked, is it prudent for us to enlist to defend our country? If we answer in the affirmative, all are ready to go. . . .
I proposed that the five hundred volun- teers be mustered and I would do my best to see all their families brought forward, as far as my influence extended, and feed them while I had anything to eat myself.''
On July 1 1 , Colonel Thomas L. Kane arrived at Council Bluffs and lent friendly efforts toward recruiting the Mormon army. Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball in behalf of the ven- ture returned to Mount Pisgah to ac- quaint the brethren there with the plan. Just before reaching this wilderness camp, they intercepted Jesse C. Little, who in turn made known to them his efforts in behalf of the Mormon people while in Washington, and clarified President Polk's attitude and reasons for this call upon the Saints.
On his return to Council Bluffs, Brig- ham Young went at the task of raising this army with grim earnestness. An American flag was hoisted to a tree mast. Under it, the enrollment took place. In three days the muster-rolls were filled. Captain Allen, as acting colonel, took over command in the name of the United States of America.
It was a motley-looking army, but it was composed of good men, of brave men — as history so amply testifies. To kiss a wife or a mother good-bye, in the midst of a grim wilderness — knowing that that wife or that mother must drive an ox team, pilot a wagon loaded with every cherished family possession across the savage-infested American plains — was a sacrifice both heroic and reckless. Flour barrels were empty
''History of Brigham Young Ms., II, pp. 4, 5
when the Battalion marched away. And a poignant reason why these ragged men marched was the assurance that their pay as common soldiers might provide food and sustenance for those loved ones they left in the wilderness of the Omaha hills.
"There was no sentimental affectation at their leave-taking,"^ says Colonel Kane. True to the Mormon policy of leavening the tragedies of life with sus- taining strength, a gay ball was tend- ered the departing brethren. Observed Colonel Kane:
A more merry dancing rout I have never seen, though the company went without refreshments and their ball room was of the most primitive kind. (A "bowery," with Mother Earth for a floor. ) To the canto of debonair violins, the cheer of horns, the jingle of sleigh bells, and the jovial snoring of the tambourine, they did dance! None of your minuets or other mortuary pro- cessions . . . but the spirited and scientific displays of our venerated and merry grand- parents, who were not above following the fiddle to the Foxchase Inn, or Gardens of Gray's Ferry, French fours, Copenhagen jigs, Virginia reels and the like forgotten figures executed with the spirit of people too happy to be slow, or bashful, or con- strained. . . ."
r\N July 20, 1846, the Mormon Bat- ^^ talion commenced its grim march. Without arms or accoutrements, sleep- ing under the stars, the ragged brethren swung south through the hostile state of Missouri. After many exciting ad- ventures, after a considerable number of them (including Colonel Allen) had contracted malaria, they finally ar- rived at Fort Leavenworth on Au- gust 1.
In the year 1846, Fort Leavenworth was the farthest military outpost of the American nation. At the time of the Battalion's arrival, word had just been received that General Kearny, then ad- vancing west to California, already had successfully taken Bent's Fort and Santa Fe. But the main arsenal was Leavenworth. Here the Mormon Bat- talion received its tents, ordnance, food supplies, and five hundred stands of arms. More immediately important to the brethren was their^ first issuance of pay.
Under terms of enlistment. Mormon soldiers were to receive the standard in- fantry pay of seven dollars a month. In addition, a clothing allowance of three dollars and fifty cents a month, or forty- two dollars for the year's enlistment, was granted them. This allowance was paid in advance at Fort Leaven- worth. Majority of the Battalion's en- listees had loved ones back in the Camp of Israel, most of whom were in desti- tute condition. Agreeing among them- selves to make the grim march to Cali- fornia in the clothes they had worn as (Continued on page 168)
®Kane, The Mormons, p. 80 •Wem
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167
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, MARCH, 1943
{Continued from page 167) they left Nauvoo, the greater amount of this clothing allowance was secretly dispatched to the Pioneers on the Mis- souri River to alleviate the distress made doubly imminent by the necessity of winter-quartering the Saints in Iowa. This money, so desperately needed by the Battalion members, and so unsel- fishly tendered the Saints in their dark- est hour, provided the means which kept the very life in Brigham Young's band of valiants throughout that ghastly win- ter of 1846-47. By such heroism did the Mormon Battalion earn its right to be called the "ram in the thicket" for Mormonism.
With Colonel Allen desperately ill, the Mormon soldiers now began won- dering when their march westward might be resumed. But on August 12, their beloved commander, from his sick bed, ordered the march begun. He promised to overtake them following a few days' rest and recuperation.
On the 23rd of August, Colonel James Allen was dead. The Mormon army, then nearing the borders of the Arkan- sas, received the news of this misfor- tune with pained sorrow and uncertain- ty. The tolerant, kindly Allen, through- out that strenuous march from Council Bluffs, had imperishably endeared him- self in the hearts of his Mormon charg- es. The service conducted in memory of James Allen, in Garden Grove near the Arkansas, speaks eloquently of the genuine regard with which the Battal- ion held him.
But now they were without a com- mander. Elections were held. Cap- tain Jefferson Hunt, of Company A, was chosen and sustained by unanimous vote. Unfortunately, no sooner was this matter settled to the brethren's satisfaction, than a Lieutenant A. J. Smith, of the Second Dragoons, ar- rived from Leavenworth. Major Hor- ton had ordered him to succeed Allen as Battalion commander, and in a rather high-handed manner he proceeded to do so.
It was vain for the Mormons to pro- test. Smith declared that Captain Hunt, even though the choice of the Battalion, was not a regularly com- missioned officer of the United Stales Army. Until his commission was ap- proved by the War Department, Hunt was powerless to receipt for the gov- ernment property already in possession of the Mormon troops. Only a regu- larly commissioned officer could com- mand an American fighting corps, Smith argued — and he had been ordered to that command. The Battalion's woes had their real beginning that day.
XTSTiTH Lieutenant Smith had come Dr. ^^ George B. Sanderson, who was to serve throughout the march as Bat- talion surgeon. He proved an immedi- ate and lasting scourge. Malaria had made alarming inroads upon the health
168
SAM BRANNAN
of the brethren. For days and weeks many had been forced to accomplish their daily tasks in burning fever and quaking chills. Following the counsel of President Young, the power of the Priesthood had been constantly in- voked by "laying on of hands," and herbs and mild foods were the estab- lished curatives. So far, with faith and endurance, the five hundred men had loyally continued to plod forward. Dr. Sanderson, however, had little credence in the efficacy of faith and herbs. Cal- omel and arsenic were the army's cur- atives for sick men. With the harsh and unrelenting Lieutenant Smith to back him up. Dr. Sanderson lost no time in pouring his violent potions down the throats of the protesting Mor- mon soldiers.
Every day, throughout that long and bitter march, all men showing least signs of illness were lined up, and forced to "jim along joe" to the medical wagon of Dr. Sanderson. There, amid the doctor's torrent of wild oaths, the brethren were forced to abandon their spiritual credo and swallow the near- lethal concoctions poured so generous- ly from the Battalion's communal "old iron spoon." Forever after. Dr. Sand- erson and his iron spoon became the Battalion's symbol of all that was evil, intolerant, and cruel.
Nor was the arrogant, abusive Lieu- tenant Smith loved any the more. Un- der his merciless drivings the Battalion marched — sick, bewildered, unhappy^ — through the long, weary days of heat and dust. From Leavenworth, after crossing the Kaw River, they followed the route pioneered earlier in the year by that staunch friend of the Mor- mons, Colonel Alexander Doniphan. He, with his company of Missouri Dragoons, had now reached Santa Fe. The Battalion's route continued up the Arkansas River as far as Fort Mann, where the first crossing was made, and from thence it followed the "Cimarron Route" westward.
Lieutenant Smith, profanely con- temptuous of the sick brethren and the "family rear guard" which hampered the marching speed of the corps, de- cided to separate the Battalion from the weak and dependent "sluggards" who no longer could increase pace under his tyrannical verbal lashings. On September 16, at a point some- where west of the later settlement of Dodge City, Smith ordered the twelve or fifteen families, who in wagons were trailing the Battalion, to separate them- selves from the command immediately and proceed under direction of Captain Nelson Higgins to Pueblo. There were protests over this "division," but in the interests of the army as a whole, the procedure undoubtedly was sound and logical.
Lightened considerably by this weed- ing-out process, Smith now drove his army relentlessly forward. But, under
the salivating process of Dr. Sander- son's liberal dosage of calomel, the al- kali dust of the desert, the lack of water, and the miserable food provided, the sick men grew steadily worse^ — and the well men sank to a state of unutter- able physical exhaustion.
"D Y early October the condition of the ' men had become alarming. Rather than grant them the recuperative bless- ing of rest, Smith grew increasingly impatient to get the army to Santa Fe. The men, already physically depleted by the Nauvoo expulsion and the hard- ships of Iowa, were far from the proper physical trim necessary to undertake a grueling foot-march of two thousand miles. Stock and wagons they had brought as commissary equipment, like themselves, had commenced the journey in Illinois — not Fort Leavenworth. Consequently, they were certainly not of the best. Instead of consideration and sympathy for this condition, Smith drove the men to the limit of their physical endurance. When it became apparent, despite oaths and threats, that many no longer could withstand the abusive pace, he split the Battalion into two divisions — the "sick" and the "well." This seemingly arbitrary act utterly broke the hearts of many of the brethren. They had pledged themselves before their God to stand one with an- other to the end.
On the 9th of October the Battalion's "well" division limped into the once- Mexican stronghold of Santa Fe. The men were weary and bitterly discour- aged. Under their sufferings it seemed even God above had hidden His face. To their bruised feet, their anguished souls, it seemed they had marched the grim earth, not months — but years. And oh, the countless weary steps yet ahead — before their California goal could be reached!
But as they plodded up the dusty streets of this ancient town, cannon from the roof-tops suddenly com- menced to boom a cheery salute. One hundred hearty blasts shook the town before the Mormon soldiers grounded arms. Colonel Alexander Doniphan, Missouri's noble friend of the Prophet and his people, had not forgotten. And in that humble presidio, America paid its first tribute to that strange army of sacrifice. Quickly the hearts of the brethren stirred from gloom. Aches of body, hunger of belly, were for- gotten in the cheers that frenziedly broke from Mormon lips.
Three days later, when the "sick" division limped up the same street, the united Battalion was made happy with the promise of a full week of body- comforting rest. But more important, their anguished prayers had found an answer. They w^ere promised a new commander.
[To be continued)
CONDUCTED BY THE MELCHIZEDEK PRIESTHOOD COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE — JOSEPH FIELDING SMITH, chairman; JOHN A. WIDTSOE, JOSEPH F. MERRILL, CHARLES A. CALLIS, SYLVESTER Q. CANNON, AND HAROLD B. LEE
SialiSL QommiiissL
Food Shortage
** A merica's farmers will be forced to *^^ cut vegetable acreage twenty- five percent in 1943 unless 'unexpected sources of manpower and machinery are made available,' " warns H. D. Brown, secretary of the Vegetable Growers' Association of America. Other men of national importance have sounded simi- lar warnings. Therefore, emphasis should be given to the necessity of every quorum having a garden, how- ever small it may have to be. Steps should be taken immediately to secure, rent, or lease the necessary ground for the garden. (See pp. 135, 146, 164)
Qjuxfuim. Oj^^uj^Mu
Utilize Initiative — Launch Projects
Tnvite the suggestions of the members on worth-while projects. Don't be afraid to do something different in this activity. By using quorum initiative you may discover heretofore unthought of projects which would work out hap- pily for the group.
Value and Use of the Individual Record Card File
Cecuring the cards, filling out of one ^ for each quorum member,